New Approaches for Basophil Activation Tests Employing Dendrimeric Antigen–Silica Nanoparticle Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nps Chemical Studies
2.1.1. Np Synthesis
- 20dNps
- 30dNps
- 50dNps
- 50Nps
2.1.2. Np Surface Modification
- 20dNpNH2, 30dNpNH2, and 50dNpNH2
- 50NpNH2, 50Np0.1NH2 and 50Np0.01NH2
- 20dNpCO2H, 30dNpCO2H, and 50dNpCO2H
- 50NpCO2H, 50Np0.1NH2CO2H, or 50Np0.01NH2CO2H
- 20dNpDe, 30dNpDe, and 50dNpDe
- 50NpDe, 50Np0.1De, 50Np0.01De, 50Np0.1NH2De, or 50Np0.01NH2De
- 20dNpDeAXO, 30dNpDeAXO, and 50dNpDeAXO
- 50NpDeAXO, 50Np0.1DeDeAXO, 50Np0.01DeDeAXO, 50Np0.1NH2DeAXO, or 50Np0.01NH2DeAXO
2.1.3. Np Characterization
2.2. Patients Selection and Allergological Work Up
2.3. Cell Viability Measurement
2.4. Basophil Activation Test (BAT) with Different Nanoparticles (Nps)
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Synthesis and Characterization of Nps
3.2. Evaluation of Basophil Activation Capacity of Nanoparticles: 20dNpDeAXO, 30dNpDeAXO, 50dNpDeAXO, and 50NpDeAXO
3.3. Effect of AXO Density on the Np Basophil Activation Capacity
3.4. AXO Displayed in Nps is more Potent Than Free AX in Inducing Specific Basophil Activation
3.5. Evaluation of the Discrimination Capacity of Allergic Patients and Healthy Controls by 50NpDeAXO
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nps | Aspect | Diameter (nm) | AXO (µmolAXO/gNps) 1 |
---|---|---|---|
20dNpDeAXO | Suspension | 20 | 290 |
30dNpDeAXO | Suspension | 30 | 270 2 |
50dNpDeAXO | Suspension | 50 | 270 2 |
50NpDeAXO | Solid | 50 | 300 |
50Np0.1DeDeAXO | Solid | 50 | 130 |
50Np0.01DeDeAXO | Solid | 50 | 80 |
50Np0.1NH2DeAXO | Solid | 50 | 100 |
50Np0.01NH2DeAXO | Solid | 50 | 50 |
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Calvo-Serrano, S.; Matamoros, E.; Céspedes, J.A.; Fernández-Santamaría, R.; Gil-Ocaña, V.; Perez-Inestrosa, E.; Frecha, C.; Montañez, M.I.; Vida, Y.; Mayorga, C.; et al. New Approaches for Basophil Activation Tests Employing Dendrimeric Antigen–Silica Nanoparticle Composites. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081039
Calvo-Serrano S, Matamoros E, Céspedes JA, Fernández-Santamaría R, Gil-Ocaña V, Perez-Inestrosa E, Frecha C, Montañez MI, Vida Y, Mayorga C, et al. New Approaches for Basophil Activation Tests Employing Dendrimeric Antigen–Silica Nanoparticle Composites. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081039
Chicago/Turabian StyleCalvo-Serrano, Silvia, Esther Matamoros, Jose Antonio Céspedes, Rubén Fernández-Santamaría, Violeta Gil-Ocaña, Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa, Cecilia Frecha, Maria I. Montañez, Yolanda Vida, Cristobalina Mayorga, and et al. 2024. "New Approaches for Basophil Activation Tests Employing Dendrimeric Antigen–Silica Nanoparticle Composites" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 8: 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081039