Synergistic Strategies in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Electrochemotherapy and Electromagnetic Hyperthermia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods (Figure S1)
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Cytotoxicity Assays with WST-1
2.2.1. Chemotherapeutic Drugs
2.2.2. Determination of IC50 of Cisplatin, Bleomycin, and Combination of Both Drugs
2.2.3. Electrochemotherapy In Vitro Standardization
2.2.4. Determination of IC50 of Cisplatin and Bleomycin with Electrochemotherapy
2.2.5. SPION’s Heating Capability and Cytotoxicity
2.2.6. Electromagnetic Hyperthermia Standardization In Vitro
2.2.7. Electrochemotherapy Combined with Electromagnetic Hyperthermia In Vitro
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cytotoxic Effect of Cisplatin and Bleomycin on Prostate-Derived Cell Lines
3.2. Electroporation Enhances the Sensitivity of Prostate-Derived Cell Lines to Chemotherapeutics
3.2.1. Effects of Different Electric Fields on Prostate Cancer-Derived Cell Line DU-145/GFP
3.2.2. Cytotoxic Effect of Electrochemotherapy with Cisplatin and Bleomycin on Prostate-Derived Cell Lines
3.3. Irradiation Time of SPIONs Influences Inhibition of Cell Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells
3.3.1. Determination of Optimal Concentration of SPIONs for Electromagnetic Hyperthermia on Prostate-Derived Cell Lines
3.3.2. Effects of Different Irradiation Times on Cell Proliferation in Prostate Cancer-Derived Cell Line DU-145/GFP
3.4. Electrochemotherapy and Electromagnetic Hyperthermia Significantly Decrease Cell Proliferation of Prostate-Cancer Cells
3.4.1. Electroporation Increases the Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Hyperthermia in Prostate-Derived Cell Lines
3.4.2. Effect of Electrochemotherapy with Bleomycin and Cisplatin in Combination with Electromagnetic Hyperthermia on Prostate-Derived Cell Lines
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Vizcarra-Ramos, S.; Molina-Pineda, A.; Gutiérrez-Ortega, A.; Herrera-Rodríguez, S.E.; Aguilar-Lemarroy, A.; Jave-Suárez, L.F.; López, Z.; Cano, M.E.; Hernández-Gutiérrez, R. Synergistic Strategies in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Electrochemotherapy and Electromagnetic Hyperthermia. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091109
Vizcarra-Ramos S, Molina-Pineda A, Gutiérrez-Ortega A, Herrera-Rodríguez SE, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Jave-Suárez LF, López Z, Cano ME, Hernández-Gutiérrez R. Synergistic Strategies in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Electrochemotherapy and Electromagnetic Hyperthermia. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(9):1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091109
Chicago/Turabian StyleVizcarra-Ramos, Sayma, Andrea Molina-Pineda, Abel Gutiérrez-Ortega, Sara E. Herrera-Rodríguez, Adriana Aguilar-Lemarroy, Luis F. Jave-Suárez, Zaira López, Mario E. Cano, and Rodolfo Hernández-Gutiérrez. 2024. "Synergistic Strategies in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Electrochemotherapy and Electromagnetic Hyperthermia" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 9: 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091109