An Innovative Bio-Vehicle for Resveratrol and Tocopherol Based on Quinoa 11S Globulin—Nanocomplex Design and Characterization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. 11S Purification
2.3. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis
2.4. Molecular Docking
2.5. Preparation of 11S and TOC or RSV Mixed Systems
2.6. Circular Dichroism (CD)
2.7. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC)
2.8. Steady-State Fluorescence Measurements
2.9. Encapsulation Efficiency
2.10. Particle Size and ζ-Potential Determinations
2.11. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
2.12. Antioxidant Activity of 11S-RSV or 11S-TOC Complexes
2.12.1. ABTS Assay
2.12.2. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. SDS-PAGE- FPLC
3.2. Molecular Docking
3.3. Circular Dichroism (CD)
3.4. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC)
3.5. Fluorescence Spectroscopy
3.6. EE Determination
3.7. Analysis of 11S Globulin Aggregation Induced by RSV or TOC
3.8. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
3.9. Antioxidant Capacity of 11S-RSV and 11S-TOC Nanocomplexes
3.9.1. ABTS
3.9.2. FRAP
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Complex | Binding Energy (Kcal/Mol) | Hydrogen Bonds | Hydrophobic Interactions | Saline Bridge | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
11S-RSV | −5.6 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 8 |
11S-TOC | −6.2 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 12 |
Bioactive Compound | n | Kd (µM) | Ka (M−1) | ΔH (kcal/mol) | ΔS (cal/K × mol) | ΔG (kcal/mol) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TOC | 0.85 ± 0.03 | 340 ± 40 | (2.9 ± 0.8) × 103 | 11 ± 1 | 25 ± 3 | 4.7 ± 0.2 |
RSV | 0.91 ± 0.04 | 48.2 ± 1 | (2.1 ± 0.3) × 104 | 10 ± 2 | 15 ± 1 | 5.9 ± 0.1 |
TOC | RSV | |
---|---|---|
Stern–Volmer model | ||
Ksv (M−1) | 4800 | 385,700 |
Kq (M−1 s−1) | 1.66 × 1012 | 1.13 × 1014 |
n | 1.04 | 2.35 |
R2 | 0.9931 | 0.9406 |
Scatchard model | ||
Ks (M−1) | 151,478 | 3,852,674 |
n | 8.87 | 0.90 |
R2 | 0.9422 | 0.9707 |
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) | ||
J (λ) (cm3/M) | 1.14 × 1013 | 2.67 × 1013 |
R0 (nm) | 5.39 | 6.22 |
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Rubinstein, A.J.; Garcia Liñares, G.; Boeris, V.; Pérez, O.E. An Innovative Bio-Vehicle for Resveratrol and Tocopherol Based on Quinoa 11S Globulin—Nanocomplex Design and Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091118
Rubinstein AJ, Garcia Liñares G, Boeris V, Pérez OE. An Innovative Bio-Vehicle for Resveratrol and Tocopherol Based on Quinoa 11S Globulin—Nanocomplex Design and Characterization. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(9):1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091118
Chicago/Turabian StyleRubinstein, Alejandra J., Guadalupe Garcia Liñares, Valeria Boeris, and Oscar E. Pérez. 2024. "An Innovative Bio-Vehicle for Resveratrol and Tocopherol Based on Quinoa 11S Globulin—Nanocomplex Design and Characterization" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 9: 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091118