Intelligent Vehicle Moving Trajectory Prediction Based on Residual Attention Network
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- The existing methods follow the probabilistic prediction models. Due to the dispersions of the probability distributions in the predicted trajectory, it is difficult to guarantee the prediction accuracy.
- (2)
- Furthermore, other studies may consider the effects of the interactions between vehicles on the prediction results based on the time series methods. However, they barely focus on the fact that the influences of interfering vehicles in different positions and driving situations on the self-vehicle are different. This involves the issue of weight.
2. Related Work
2.1. Prediction Algorithm
2.2. Impact of Interaction on Prediction
3. Methodology
3.1. Research Scenario
3.2. Model Input and Output
3.3. Historical Trajectory Coding
3.4. Interaction Tensor Filling
3.5. Vehicle Interaction Feature Extraction
3.6. Weight Coefficient of Multilayer Perceptron
3.7. Predictive Decoding Module
4. Experiment
4.1. Data Pre-Processing
4.2. Model Training Details
4.3. Comparison and Analysis of Experimental Results
- (1)
- In order to verify the effectiveness of the improved model of this method, the prediction errors of this method were compared with several classical models for the next 5 s under the same historical domain-length trajectory input of 3 s.
- ①
- S-LSTM: A social pooling LSTM proposed in [12], which uses a fully connected layer to extract the interaction between the target vehicle and surrounding vehicles in the original interaction tensor;
- ②
- CS-LSTM: A convolution Social pooling LSTM proposed in [14], which uses a convolutional pooling layer to extract the interaction between the self-vehicle and surrounding vehicles in the original interaction tensor;
- ③
- RA-LSTM: The Res-attention LSTM proposed in this paper introduces the residual attention module to calculate the influence weights of all surrounding vehicles in the influence domain area A to improve the accuracy of extracting the interactive features of surrounding vehicles at each moment.
- (2)
- The history domain length of the model input trajectory has a large impact on the accuracy of the future predicted trajectory; The interaction between the self-vehicle and the surrounding vehicles cannot be extracted from an overly short trajectory history, and an overly long trajectory history will lead to a computational stress disaster. In order to determine the optimal historical domain length of the model, the prediction deviations of this method under different domain lengths of historical trajectories were compared and the predicted trajectories were visualized.
4.3.1. Model Performance Comparison
4.3.2. Impact of Historical Duration on Forecasting Results
4.4. Scenario-Based Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Contribution | Year | Datasets | Is There a Comparison of LSTM | Multi-Modal | Methods |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[12] | 2016 | ETH,UCY | S-LSTM | ||
[25] | 2017 | LSTM | |||
[26] | 2017 | Two LSTMs | |||
[14] | 2018 | NGSIM | YES | CS-LSTM | |
[27] | 2018 | NGSIM | YES | M-LSTM | |
[28] | 2019 | NGSIM | YES | YES | LSTM-CNN hybrid network |
[29] | 2019 | ETH,UCY | YES | YES | LSTM + GAN |
[30] | 2020 | T-LSTM | |||
[31] | 2021 | YES | LSTM + DBN | ||
[32] | 2021 | YES | D-LSTM | ||
[18] | 2021 | NGSIM | SG-LSTM | ||
[19] | 2021 | GPS logs | Bi-LSTM |
Prediction Time Domain | RMSE | NLL | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S-LSTM | CS-LSTM | RA-LSTM | S-LSTM | CS-LSTM | RA-LSTM | |
1 s | 1.105 | 1.099 | 1.099 | 0.733 | 0.639 | 0.422 |
2 s | 2.143 | 2.134 | 2.112 | 1.716 | 1.587 | 1.457 |
3 s | 3.311 | 3.292 | 3.198 | 2.628 | 2.509 | 2.467 |
4 s | 4.664 | 4.642 | 4.551 | 3.145 | 3.081 | 3.0179 |
5 s | 6.248 | 6.229 | 6.205 | 3.577 | 3.561 | 3.486 |
Loss Value | History Input Track Length /s | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 s | 2 s | 3 s | 4 s | 5 s | 6 s | |
NLL | 3.593 | 3.557 | 3.498 | 3.497 | 3.581 | 3.614 |
RMSE | 6.411 | 6.357 | 6.205 | 6.195 | 6.615 | 6.898 |
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Yang, Z.; Gao, Z.; Gao, F.; Shi, C.; He, L.; Gu, S. Intelligent Vehicle Moving Trajectory Prediction Based on Residual Attention Network. World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13030047
Yang Z, Gao Z, Gao F, Shi C, He L, Gu S. Intelligent Vehicle Moving Trajectory Prediction Based on Residual Attention Network. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2022; 13(3):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13030047
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Zhengcai, Zhenhai Gao, Fei Gao, Chuan Shi, Lei He, and Shirui Gu. 2022. "Intelligent Vehicle Moving Trajectory Prediction Based on Residual Attention Network" World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 3: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13030047