Side Effects Following Administration of the First Dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca’s Covishield Vaccine in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Result
3.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Past Medical History of Health
3.3. Perception and Awareness of Participants Regarding AstraZeneca Covishield Vaccine
3.4. Self-Reported Solicited Side Effects after Covishield Vaccination
3.5. Association between the Number of Reported COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects and Participants’ Demographic Characteristics
3.6. Association of Individual Post-Vaccination Side Effects with Gender and Age
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Outcome | Frequency (n and %) |
---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 281 (59.3) |
Female | 193 (40.7) | |
Age | 18–30 years | 59 (12.4) |
31–40 years | 66 (13.9) | |
41–50 years | 158 (33.3) | |
51–60 years | 123 (25.9) | |
61–70 years | 51 (10.8) | |
More than 70 years | 17 (3.6) | |
Educational Qualification | Illiterate | 5 (1.1) |
Primary | 20 (4.2) | |
Secondary | 43 (9.1) | |
Higher secondary | 68 (14.3) | |
Undergraduate or higher | 338 (71.3) | |
Occupation | Day labor | 4 (0.8) |
Service holder (govt./private) | 98 (20.7) | |
Frontline workers | 4 (0.8) | |
Healthcare workers | 24 (5.1) | |
Teachers/students | 163 (34.4) | |
Business holder | 59 (12.4) | |
Freelancer | 3 (0.6) | |
Unemployed | 25 (5.3) | |
Housewife | 93 (19.6) | |
Other | 1 (0.2) | |
Area of Residence | Rural | 189 (39.9) |
Urban | 285 (60.1) | |
Location of Vaccination Centre | Dhaka | 240 (50.6) |
Chittagong | 24 (5.1) | |
Rajshahi | 27 (5.7) | |
Khulna | 111 (23.4) | |
Barisal | 6 (1.3) | |
Sylhet | 3 (0.6) | |
Mymensingh | 8 (1.7) | |
Rangpur | 51 (10.8) | |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | <18.5 kg/m2 (underweight) | 7 (1.5) |
18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (normal weight) | 220 (46.4) | |
25–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight) | 177 (37.3) | |
>30 kg/m2 (obese) | 40 (8.4) | |
Not known | 30 (6.3) | |
Comorbid Conditions * | None | 222 (46.8) |
Hypertension | 158 (33.3) | |
Diabetes | 116 (24.5) | |
Heart disease | 40 (8.4) | |
Lung disease | 38 (8.0) | |
Kidney disease | 14 (2.2) | |
Liver disease | 2 (0.4) | |
Cancer | 1 (0.2) | |
Stroke | 20 (4.2) | |
Other | 21 (4.4) |
Variables | No Side Effects | 1–3 Side Effects | 4–6 Side Effects | >6 Side Effects | χ2 (df) | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p-Value | ||||
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 93 (33.1) | 146 (52.0) | 36 (12.8) | 6 (2.1) | 10.334 (3) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Female | 50 (25.9) | 95 (49.2) | 35 (18.1) | 13 (6.7) | 0.016 | 1.506 | 0.97–2.34 | 0.067 |
Age | ||||||||
18–30 years | 13 (22.0) | 24 (40.7) | 17 (28.8) | 5 (8.5) | 28.252 (15) 0.02 | 8.557 | 2.49–29.43 | 0.001 |
31–40 years | 16 (24.2) | 36 (54.5) | 11 (16.7) | 3 (4.5) | 5.052 | 1.57–16.24 | 0.007 | |
41–50 years | 46 (29.1) | 84 (53.2) | 24 (15.2) | 4 (2.5) | 4.078 | 1.39–11.98 | 0.011 | |
51–60 years | 43 (35.0) | 60 (48.8) | 15 (12.2) | 5 (4.1) | 3.768 | 1.26–11.29 | 0.018 | |
61–70 years | 15 (29.4) | 31 (60.8) | 4 (7.8) | 1 (2.0) | 3.687 | 1.13–12.09 | 0.031 | |
>70 years | 10 (58.8) | 6 (35.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.9) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Side Effect | Total n (%) | Male n (%) | Female n (%) | χ2 (df) | 18–30 Years n (%) | 31–40 Years n (%) | 41–50 Years n (%) | 51–60 Years n (%) | 61–70 Years n (%) | >70 Years n (%) | χ2 (df) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p-Value | p-Value | ||||||||||
Pain at site of injection | 232 (48.9) | 136 (48.4) | 96 (49.7) | 0.083 (1) 0.774 | 35 (59.3) | 38 (57.6) | 70 (44.3) | 56 (45.5) | 27 (52.9) | 6 (35.3) | 8.04 (5) 0.154 |
Feverish | 134 (28.3) | 79 (28.1) | 55 (28.5) | 0.008 (1) 0.927 | 21 (35.6) | 16 (24.2) | 43 (27.2) | 33 (26.8) | 18 (35.3) | 3 (17.6) | 4.488 (5) 0.482 |
Fever | 115 (24.3) | 65 (23.1) | 50 (25.9) | 0.48 (1) 0.489 | 16 (27.1) | 19 (28.8) | 50 (31.6) | 23 (18.7) | 4 (7.8) | 3 (17.6) | 15.644 (5) 0.008 |
Myalgia | 110 (23.2) | 59 (21.0) | 51 (26.4) | 1.892 (1) 0.169 | 18 (30.5) | 18 (27.3) | 36 (22.8) | 31 (25.2) | 4 (7.8) | 3 (17.6) | 9.718 (5) 0.084 |
Fatigue | 83 (17.5) | 41 (14.6) | 42 (21.8) | 4.073 (1) 0.044 | 16 (27.1) | 15 (22.7) | 22 (13.9) | 21 (17.1) | 8 (15.7) | 1 (5.9) | 8.146 (5) 0.148 |
Headache | 65 (13.7) | 28 (10.0) | 37 (19.2) | 8.196 (1) 0.004 | 16 (27.1) | 11 (16.7) | 21 (13.3) | 14 (11.4) | 2 (3.9) | 1 (5.9) | 15.049 (5) 0.01 |
Drowsiness | 44 (9.3) | 20 (7.1) | 24 (12.4) | 3.842 (1) 0.05 | 15 (25.4) | 4 (6.1) | 13 (8.2) | 9 (7.3) | 3 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 22.28 (5) 0.000 |
Dizziness | 38 (8.0) | 17 (6.0) | 21 (10.9) | 3.621 (1) 0.05 | 9 (15.3) | 7 (10.6) | 10 (6.3) | 9 (7.3) | 2 (3.9) | 1 (5.9) | 6.748 (5) 0.24 |
Joint pain | 29 (6.1) | 14 (5.0) | 15 (7.8) | 1.55 (1) 0.213 | 4 (6.8) | 2 (3.0) | 11 (7.0) | 9 (7.3) | 2 (3.9) | 1 (5.9) | 2.074 (5) 0.839 |
Nausea or vomiting | 23 (4.9) | 5 (1.8) | 18 (9.3) | 14.115 (1) 0.000 | 5 (8.5) | 3 (4.5) | 4 (2.5) | 7 (5.7) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) | 3.877 (5) 0.567 |
Swelling | 21 (4.4) | 6 (2.1) | 15 (7.8) | 8.586 (1) 0.003 | 5 (8.5) | 5 (7.6) | 5 (3.2) | 3 (2.4) | 2 (3.9) | 1 (5.9) | 5.687 (5) 0.338 |
Itching | 20 (4.2) | 9 (3.2) | 11 (5.7) | 1.765 (1) 0.184 | 1 (1.7) | 3 (4.5) | 7 (4.4) | 5 (4.1) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) | 1.438 (5) 0.92 |
Decreased appetite | 15 (3.2) | 9 (3.2) | 6 (3.1) | 0.003 (1) 0.954 | 3 (5.1) | 2 (3.0) | 5 (3.2) | 3 (2.4) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (5.9) | 1.576 (5) 0.904 |
Irritation at injection site | 9 (1.9) | 6 (2.1) | 3 (1.6) | 0.207 (1) 0.649 | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (3.9) | 1 (5.9) | 3.412 (5) 0.637 |
Diarrhea | 5 (1.1) | 3 (1.1) | 2 (1.0) | 0.001 (1) 0.974 | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4.862 (5) 0.433 |
Difficulties in breathing | 4 (0.8) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) | 0.413 (1) 0.521 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (5.9) | 7.906 (5) 0.161 |
Abdominal cramps | 4 (0.8) | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0.413 (1) 0.521 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (5.9) | 7.067 (5) 0.216 |
Seizure | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | 0.068 (1) 0.794 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.9) | 10.36 (5) 0.066 |
Total | 331 (69.8) | 188 (66.9) | 143 (74.1) | 2.807 (1) 0.094 | 46 (78.0) | 50 (75.8) | 112 (70.9) | 80 (65.0) | 36 (70.6) | 7 (41.2) | 11.017 (5) 0.05 |
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Jahan, N.; Rahman, F.I.; Saha, P.; Ether, S.A.; Roknuzzaman, A.; Sarker, R.; Kalam, K.T.; Haq, K.; Nyeen, J.; Himi, H.Z.; et al. Side Effects Following Administration of the First Dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca’s Covishield Vaccine in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2021, 13, 888-901. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13040080
Jahan N, Rahman FI, Saha P, Ether SA, Roknuzzaman A, Sarker R, Kalam KT, Haq K, Nyeen J, Himi HZ, et al. Side Effects Following Administration of the First Dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca’s Covishield Vaccine in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Infectious Disease Reports. 2021; 13(4):888-901. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13040080
Chicago/Turabian StyleJahan, Nishat, Fahad Imtiaz Rahman, Poushali Saha, Sadia Afruz Ether, ASM Roknuzzaman, Rapty Sarker, Khondoker Tashya Kalam, Kashfa Haq, Julkar Nyeen, Humayra Zaman Himi, and et al. 2021. "Side Effects Following Administration of the First Dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca’s Covishield Vaccine in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study" Infectious Disease Reports 13, no. 4: 888-901. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13040080