The Effects of Environmental Value Orientations and Experience-Use History on the Conservation Value of a National Park
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Research Questions
- RQ1:
- Using a non-market valuation method, what are the economic benefits of conserving Mt. Seorak National Park (i.e., WTP)?
- RQ2:
- How are the three dimensions of value orientations related to the three dimensions of attitudes toward national park management?
- RQ3:
- How is experience-use history related to the three dimensions of attitudes toward national park management?
- RQ4:
- How are the three dimensions of attitudes toward national park management related to WTP?
2. Literature Review
2.1. Non-Market Valuation of conservation Values
2.2. Environmental Value Orientations
2.3. Experience-Use History
2.4. Attitudes toward Park Management
3. Methods
3.1. Study Site
3.2. Data Collection
3.3. Data Analysis and Measurement Instruments
4. Results
4.1. CVM Analysis
4.2. Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
5. Discussions and Conclusion
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement Items | Standardized Factor Loading | t-Value |
---|---|---|
Environmental Value Orientations | ||
Altruistic value (composite reliability = 0.80) | ||
Equality (v1) | 0.60 | 17.4 |
A world at peace (v2) | 0.80 | 25.4 |
Social justice (v3) | 0.78 | 24.8 |
Helpful (v4) | 0.66 | 19.7 |
Biospheric value (composite reliability = 0.87) | ||
Preventing pollution (v5) | 0.83 | 27.8 |
Respecting the earth (v6) | 0.87 | 29.9 |
Unity with nature (v7) | 0.82 | 27.3 |
Protecting the environment (v8) | 0.80 | 26.7 |
Egoistic value (composite reliability = 0.87) | ||
Social power (v9) | 0.68 | 20.9 |
Wealth (v10) | 0.74 | 23.5 |
Authority (v11) | 0.91 | 31.8 |
Ambitious (v12) | 0.83 | 27.3 |
Visitors’ attitudes toward national park management | ||
Affective attitudes (composite reliability = 0.76) | ||
I try to understand the issues and concerns of the national park (v13) | 0.69 | 23.9 |
I try to protect the natural environment of the national park (v14) | 0.72 | 29.0 |
I try to understand the lifestyle of locals around the national park (v15) | 0.65 | 20.4 |
My visit to the national park is good for the local people's lives (v16) | 0.60 | 19.5 |
Participatory attitudes (composite reliability = 0.64) | ||
I try to participate in education programs when I visit the national park (v17) | 0.64 | 14.8 |
I try to participate in tour programs when I visit the national park (v18) | 0.61 | 14.1 |
Normative attitudes (composite reliability = 0.91) | ||
I try to follow the rules when I visit the national park (v19) | 0.92 | 45.1 |
I try to follow the conservation guidelines of the national park (v20) | 0.92 | 45.6 |
Path | Indirect Effect | Total Effect |
---|---|---|
Altruistic Value Orientation → WTP | 0.692 ** (0.148) | |
Altruistic Value Orientation → Affective Attitudes → WTP | 0.170 * (0.096) | |
Altruistic Value Orientation → Participatory Attitudes → WTP | 0.523 ** (0.114) | |
Biospheric Value Orientation → WTP | −0.242 * (0.0129) | |
Biospheric Value Orientation → Affective Attitudes → WTP | 0.109 * (0.063) | |
Biospheric Value Orientation → Normative Attitudes → WTP | −0.351 ** (0.127) | |
Egoistic Value Orientation → WTP | 0.340 ** (0.079) | |
Egoistic Value Orientation → Participatory Attitudes → WTP | 0.340 ** (0.079) | |
Experience-Use History → WTP | 0.019 ** (0.007) | |
Experience-Use History → Affective Attitudes → WTP | 0.009 * (0.005) | |
Experience-Use History → Normative Attitudes → WTP | 0.010 ** (0.004) |
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Han, J.H.; Choi, A.S.; Oh, C.-O. The Effects of Environmental Value Orientations and Experience-Use History on the Conservation Value of a National Park. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3372. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103372
Han JH, Choi AS, Oh C-O. The Effects of Environmental Value Orientations and Experience-Use History on the Conservation Value of a National Park. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3372. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103372
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Ju Hyoung, Andy S. Choi, and Chi-Ok Oh. 2018. "The Effects of Environmental Value Orientations and Experience-Use History on the Conservation Value of a National Park" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3372. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103372