Identifying Biomass-Based Value Webs for Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systems Modeling Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participatory Systems Analysis
2.2. Case Study Countries
2.3. Biomass-Based Value Web Modeling
2.3.1. Country Models: Ghana, Nigeria, and Ethiopia
2.3.2. Generic Model: Sub-Saharan Africa
3. Results and Interpretation
3.1. Multicrop Value Web Models
3.2. Generic Value Web Model and Policy Trends
4. Discussion
4.1. From Value Chains to Multicrop Value Webs
4.2. Generic Model Results and Food Security Policy in SSA
4.3. Model Limitations and Future Outlook
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- Generic Model:http://www.imodeler.info/ro?key=CE7ubGF9etOpqrx2cp8JM2w
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Original Factors | Factors after Reduction and Standardization | Extracted Factors | Total Factors | Factors Further Reduced Based on Relevance | Final Model Factors | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ghana 1 | 153 | 140 | 9 | 189 | 125 | 82 |
Ghana 2 | 111 | 82 | 85 | |||
Nigeria | 113 | 77 | 44 | |||
Ethiopia | 211 | 203 | 51 |
Factors | Connections | |
---|---|---|
Ghana 1 | 153 | 285 |
Ghana 2 | 111 | 186 |
Nigeria | 113 | 161 |
Ethiopia | 211 | 490 |
Availability | Access | |
---|---|---|
Most influential | (1) streamline processes | (1) food aid |
(2) food aid | (2) increase export of commodities | |
(3) increase access to information for farmers | (3) implement subsidies | |
(4) promote extension services | (4) improve food processing techniques | |
(5) support information services | (5) streamline processes | |
Least influential | (37) implement subsidies | (37) land title holdings |
(38) promote partnerships | (38) increase access to market for smallholders | |
(39) improve unique selling points of processed products | (39) loans to smallholders | |
(40) improve food processing techniques | (40) train farmers to handle food | |
(41) increase export of commodities | (41) increase use of farm machinery |
Availability | Access | |
---|---|---|
Most influential | (1) challenge of seasonality | (1) overpriced food |
(2) post-harvest loss | (2) post-harvest loss | |
(3) market queens fix prices and markets | (3) challenge of seasonality | |
(4) impacts of weather extremes | (4) market queens fix prices and markets | |
(5) losses at retail | (5) losses at retail | |
Least influential | (13) other land uses | (13) mining (legal and illegal) |
(14) corruption | (14) underutilized equipment | |
(15) transportation costs | (15) transportation costs | |
(16) underutilized equipment | (16) cultural barriers | |
(17) overpriced food | (17) corruption |
Supporting Factors | Hindering Factors | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
High Model Influence → Low Expert Ranking | Low Model Influence → High Expert Ranking | High Model Influence → Low Expert Ranking | Low Model Influence → High Expert Ranking | |
AVAILABILITY | food aid streamline processes increase access to information for farmers support information services | implement subsidies promote partnerships improve unique selling point of processed products improve food processing techniques | challenge of seasonality impacts of weather extremes losses at retail | other land uses costs of transportation overpriced food |
ACCESS | food aid increase export of commodities implement subsidies | land title holdings increase access to market for smallholders loans to smallholders | challenge of seasonality | costs of transportation |
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Anderson, C.C.; Denich, M.; Neumann, K.; Amankwah, K.; Tortoe, C. Identifying Biomass-Based Value Webs for Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systems Modeling Approach. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2885. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102885
Anderson CC, Denich M, Neumann K, Amankwah K, Tortoe C. Identifying Biomass-Based Value Webs for Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systems Modeling Approach. Sustainability. 2019; 11(10):2885. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102885
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnderson, Carl C., Manfred Denich, Kai Neumann, Kwadwo Amankwah, and Charles Tortoe. 2019. "Identifying Biomass-Based Value Webs for Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systems Modeling Approach" Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2885. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102885
APA StyleAnderson, C. C., Denich, M., Neumann, K., Amankwah, K., & Tortoe, C. (2019). Identifying Biomass-Based Value Webs for Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systems Modeling Approach. Sustainability, 11(10), 2885. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102885