Depicting Flows of Embodied Water Pollutant Discharge within Production System: Case of an Undeveloped Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology and Data
2.1. Non-Competitive Environmentally Extended Input–Output Model
2.2. Structural Path Analysis
2.3. Depicting Flows of Embodied Discharge
2.4. Sectoral Total Consumption Attributions of Discharge
2.5. Data
3. Results
3.1. Consumption-Based Versus Production-Based COD Discharge
3.2. Embodied Flows of COD Discharge
3.3. Normalized Evolution of Consumption and Production Attributions
4. Discussion and Policy Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Final Attributions (PL0) | Intermediate Attributions at PL1 | Intermediate Attributions at PL2 | Intermediate Attributions at PL3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct | ||||
Consumption | ||||
Production |
to Sector i at PL0 | to Sector j at PL1 | to Sector u at PL2 | |
---|---|---|---|
from sector j at PL1 | |||
from sector u at PL2 | |||
from sector l at PL3 |
Index | Sectors | Index | Sectors |
---|---|---|---|
S1 | Crop production | S17 | Metal products |
S2 | Animal production | S18 | Machinery |
S3 | Fishery | S19 | Transport equipment |
S4 | Coal mining | S20 | Electrical equipment |
S5 | Extraction of petroleum & natural gas | S21 | Electronic & telecom equipment |
S6 | Metal ores mining | S22 | Instruments & office machinery |
S7 | Nonmetal ores mining | S23 | Other manufacturing |
S8 | Foods & tobacco products | S24 | Scrap and waste |
S9 | Textiles | S25 | Electricity production & distribution |
S10 | Clothing products | S26 | Gas production & distribution |
S11 | Sawmills & furniture | S27 | Water production & distribution |
S12 | Printing & paper products | S28 | Construction |
S13 | Petroleum & coke oven products | S29 | Transport, storage & post |
S14 | Chemical products | S30 | Wholesale & retail trades |
S15 | Nonmetallic mineral products | S31 | Hotels & catering services |
S16 | Smelting & pressing of metals | S32 | Other services |
Code | Sectors | Consumption-Based COD Discharge (kt) | Output (Billion CNY) a | Distribution of Induced Direct COD Discharges (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Layer 0 | Layer 1 | Layer 2 | Layer 3→ ∞ | ||||
S2 | Animal production | 365.47 | 113.04 | 96.04 | 2.58 | 0.93 | 0.45 |
S8 | Foods & tobacco products | 142.58 | 362.82 | 19.91 | 61.02 | 12.92 | 6.15 |
S31 | Hotels & catering services | 18.98 | 62.74 | 67.06 | 12.55 | 14.88 | 5.51 |
S32 | Other services | 18.69 | 483.56 | 9.58 | 40.35 | 24.67 | 25.39 |
S28 | Construction | 12.89 | 288.83 | 4.87 | 23.14 | 32.38 | 39.61 |
S14 | Chemical products | 12.35 | 239.07 | 32.90 | 41.12 | 14.41 | 11.57 |
S19 | Transport equipment | 11.89 | 549.46 | 10.08 | 26.64 | 26.42 | 36.86 |
S10 | Clothing products | 11.28 | 18.27 | 3.72 | 80.32 | 10.61 | 5.35 |
S30 | Wholesale & retail trades | 4.77 | 148.53 | 11.37 | 60.63 | 13.06 | 14.95 |
S11 | Sawmills & furniture | 3.92 | 85.43 | 11.63 | 27.51 | 26.28 | 34.58 |
---- | Other sectors | 13.86 | 948.45 | 30.36 | 23.85 | 20.67 | 25.12 |
Rank | Layer | Contribution | Path |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 42.04% | Exports→ Animal production |
2 | 1 | 11.29% | Exports→ Foods & tobacco products→ Animal production |
3 | 0 | 6.52% | Gross fixed capital formation→ Animal production |
4 | 0 | 5.93% | Urban household consumption→ Animal production |
5 | 0 | 4.06% | Exports→ Foods & tobacco products |
6 | 0 | 2.48% | Rural household consumption→ Animal production |
7 | 2 | 2.20% | Exports→ Foods & tobacco products→ Foods & tobacco products→ Animal production |
8 | 0 | 1.32% | Urban household consumption→ Hotels & catering services |
9 | 1 | 1.01% | Urban household consumption→ Foods & tobacco products→ Animal production |
10 | 1 | 0.96% | Urban household consumption→ Clothing products→ Animal production |
11 | 1 | 0.93% | Exports→ Animal production→ Animal production |
12 | 0 | 0.44% | Exports→ Chemical products |
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Yang, W.; Song, J. Depicting Flows of Embodied Water Pollutant Discharge within Production System: Case of an Undeveloped Region. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3774. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143774
Yang W, Song J. Depicting Flows of Embodied Water Pollutant Discharge within Production System: Case of an Undeveloped Region. Sustainability. 2019; 11(14):3774. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143774
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Wei, and Junnian Song. 2019. "Depicting Flows of Embodied Water Pollutant Discharge within Production System: Case of an Undeveloped Region" Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3774. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143774