Determinants and Differences of Grain Production Efficiency Between Main and Non-Main Producing Area in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
Determinants and Differences in Technical Efficiency
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Area | Grain Output (10 kt) | Sown Area (000 ha) | Machinery Input (10 kW) | Fertilizer Use (10 kt) | Labor Input (10 kn) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | Non-main | 752.17 | 1969.13 | 609.86 | 50.39 | 295.00 |
Main | 2490.66 | 5569.68 | 2066.84 | 152.22 | 631.75 | |
Total | 1505.52 | 3529.36 | 1241.22 | 94.51 | 440.93 | |
2006 | Non-main | 754.78 | 1721.53 | 730.24 | 55.20 | 248.64 |
Main | 2832.63 | 5809.24 | 2843.58 | 182.80 | 543.56 | |
Total | 1655.18 | 3492.87 | 1646.02 | 110.49 | 376.44 | |
2011 | Non-main | 800.34 | 1841.11 | 963.46 | 64.51 | 216.75 |
Main | 3340.12 | 6084.93 | 3820.98 | 208.25 | 484.02 | |
Total | 1900.91 | 3680.10 | 2201.72 | 126.80 | 332.57 | |
2016 | Non-main | 867.47 | 1843.48 | 917.25 | 67.62 | 203.61 |
Main | 3598.19 | 6270.18 | 3845.68 | 218.82 | 451.77 | |
Total | 2050.78 | 3761.72 | 2186.24 | 133.14 | 311.15 | |
2017 | Non-main | 818.58 | 1709.89 | 913.73 | 65.75 | 204.28 |
Main | 4010.62 | 6825.79 | 4153.60 | 226.40 | 481.58 | |
Total | 2201.80 | 3926.78 | 2317.68 | 135.36 | 324.44 | |
The growth rate between 2001 and 2017 | ||||||
2001–2017 | 0 | 8.83 | −13.16 | 49.83 | 30.49 | −30.75 |
1 | 61.03 | 22.55 | 100.96 | 48.73 | −23.77 | |
Total | 46.25 | 11.26 | 86.73 | 43.22 | −26.42 |
Main Grain Production Area | Non-main Grain Production Area | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Province | Abbreviation | Province | Abbreviation | Province | Abbreviation |
Hebei | HEB | Beijing | BJ | Chongqin | CQ |
Inner Mongolia | IM | Tianjing | TJ | Guizhou | GZ |
Liaoning | LN | Shanxi | SX1 | Yunnan | YN |
Jilin | JL | Shanghai | SH | Shaanxi | SX2 |
Heilongjiang | HLJ | Zhejiang | ZJ | Gansu | GS |
Jiangsu | JS | Fujian | FJ | Qinghai | QH |
Anhui | AH | Guangdong | GD | Ningxia | NX |
Jiangxi | JX | Guangxi | GX | Xinjiang | XJ |
Shandong | SD | Hainan | HN | ||
Henan | HEN | ||||
Hubei | HUB | ||||
Hunan | HUN | ||||
Sichuan | SC |
Variables | Estimated Coefficients | Standard-Error | T-Values |
---|---|---|---|
Production Function | |||
Constant | −6.204 *** | 0.527 | −11.765 |
Ln(A) | 3.124 *** | 0.253 | 12.370 |
Ln(M) | 1.191 *** | 0.190 | 6.256 |
Ln(F) | −4.056 *** | 0.319 | −12.724 |
Ln(L) | 0.964 *** | 0.230 | 4.200 |
T | 0.009 *** | 0.001 | 6.304 |
Ln(A) * Ln(M) | −0.559 *** | 0.070 | −8.018 |
Ln(A) * Ln(F) | 1.145 *** | 0.087 | 13.221 |
Ln(A) * Ln(L) | −0.585 *** | 0.089 | −6.566 |
Ln(M) * Ln(F) | 0.147 *** | 0.052 | 2.823 |
Ln(M) * Ln(L) | 0.338 *** | 0.046 | 7.431 |
Ln(F) * Ln(L) | −0.373 *** | 0.050 | −7.434 |
0.5 * Ln(A) * Ln(A) | −0.028 | 0.110 | −0.257 |
0.5 * Ln(M) * Ln(M) | 0.080 | 0.057 | 1.411 |
0.5 * Ln(F) * Ln(F) | −0.860 *** | 0.086 | −9.945 |
0.5 * Ln(L) * Ln(L) | 0.543 *** | 0.084 | 6.477 |
MP | 0.201 *** | 0.021 | 9.594 |
sigma-squared | 0.011 *** | 0.001 | 10.369 |
gamma | 0.747 *** | 0.060 | 12.517 |
Inefficiency Function | |||
Constant | 0.126 * | 0.071 | 1.777 |
Per_AP | −0.093 *** | 0.020 | −4.745 |
Out_L | 0.512 *** | 0.110 | 4.657 |
AFE | 0.514 * | 0.264 | 1.946 |
Per_GDP | 0.015 ** | 0.006 | 2.543 |
IRR | −0.395 *** | 0.064 | −6.204 |
DI | 0.625 *** | 0.078 | 7.983 |
MCI | −0.031 | 0.032 | −0.941 |
Diagnosis Statistics | Null Hypothesis | LR | Degree of Freedom | χ-Value | Decision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Testing the applicability of SFA | H0: γ = 0 | 397.25 * | 9 | 16.919 | Reject |
Testing translog vs. C-D | H0: βaa = βmm = βff = βll = βam = βaf = βal = βmf = βml = βfl = 0 | 262.34 * | 9 | 16.919 | Reject |
Testing technical change | H0: βt = 0 | 140.80 * | 9 | 16.919 | Reject |
Total | Land | Machinery | Fertilizer | Labor |
---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | 0.627 | −0.125 | 0.194 | 0.169 |
2002 | 0.639 | −0.122 | 0.182 | 0.170 |
2003 | 0.700 | −0.138 | 0.182 | 0.138 |
2004 | 0.749 | −0.135 | 0.153 | 0.119 |
2005 | 0.752 | −0.138 | 0.161 | 0.114 |
2006 | 0.733 | −0.095 | 0.087 | 0.162 |
2007 | 0.780 | −0.111 | 0.098 | 0.129 |
2008 | 0.804 | −0.131 | 0.126 | 0.101 |
2009 | 0.779 | −0.122 | 0.123 | 0.119 |
2010 | 0.761 | −0.113 | 0.116 | 0.135 |
2011 | 0.781 | −0.123 | 0.128 | 0.118 |
2012 | 0.778 | −0.117 | 0.118 | 0.126 |
2013 | 0.795 | −0.118 | 0.111 | 0.118 |
2014 | 0.790 | −0.116 | 0.110 | 0.124 |
2015 | 0.776 | −0.114 | 0.115 | 0.133 |
2016 | 0.843 | −0.131 | 0.111 | 0.086 |
2017 | 0.800 | −0.109 | 0.088 | 0.128 |
average | 0.758 | −0.121 | 0.130 | 0.129 |
Year | Non-Main Grain-Producing Area | Main Grain-Producing Area | Nation | Gap of Technical Efficiency |
---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | 0.746 | 0.769 | 0.756 | 0.023 |
2002 | 0.753 | 0.796 | 0.771 | 0.043 |
2003 | 0.772 | 0.766 | 0.770 | −0.006 |
2004 | 0.791 | 0.828 | 0.807 | 0.037 |
2005 | 0.786 | 0.838 | 0.808 | 0.053 |
2006 | 0.799 | 0.838 | 0.816 | 0.039 |
2007 | 0.801 | 0.829 | 0.813 | 0.028 |
2008 | 0.814 | 0.872 | 0.839 | 0.058 |
2009 | 0.816 | 0.836 | 0.824 | 0.020 |
2010 | 0.809 | 0.860 | 0.831 | 0.052 |
2011 | 0.827 | 0.900 | 0.858 | 0.073 |
2012 | 0.844 | 0.911 | 0.873 | 0.067 |
2013 | 0.843 | 0.914 | 0.874 | 0.071 |
2014 | 0.847 | 0.901 | 0.870 | 0.053 |
2015 | 0.852 | 0.919 | 0.881 | 0.067 |
2016 | 0.852 | 0.902 | 0.874 | 0.051 |
2017 | 0.858 | 0.916 | 0.883 | 0.058 |
Average | 0.812 | 0.858 | 0.832 | 0.046 |
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Chen, F.; Zhao, Y. Determinants and Differences of Grain Production Efficiency Between Main and Non-Main Producing Area in China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5225. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195225
Chen F, Zhao Y. Determinants and Differences of Grain Production Efficiency Between Main and Non-Main Producing Area in China. Sustainability. 2019; 11(19):5225. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195225
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Furong, and Yifu Zhao. 2019. "Determinants and Differences of Grain Production Efficiency Between Main and Non-Main Producing Area in China" Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5225. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195225