GIS Multi-Criteria Analysis by Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA): Toward an Integrated Citrus Management Strategy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- An approach that combined AHP with OWA in a GIS environment is proffered. The present study focuses on an integrated citrus management strategy. Specifically, a GIS-based overlay analysis was performed to identify the optimum site for the citrus production that fulfilled all of the desired attributes.
- Accordingly, this research tries to develop a new method, which is proposed by applying a novel GIS-based MCDM methodology for the assessment of citrus production.
- A spatial framework adopting the AHP and OWA into the ArcGIS is used to evaluate the potential for the future expansion of citrus in Ramsar, Iran.
- GIS is used for an important improvement to the conventional map overlay approaches.
- How can the citrus susceptibility problems be solved using a GIS-based OWA operator with a multi-criteria approach?
- How can the critical factors by their relative weights, which are imported in GIS-based OWA capabilities, help decision makers with the citrus planning procedure now and in the future?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Methodology
2.2.1. Data Collection and Preparation
2.2.2. Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) Method
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quantifier | Order Weights | GIS Combination Procedure | ORness | Trade-Off | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | At least one | Vi1 = 1; Vik = 0, (1 < k ≤ n) | OWA (OR) | 1.0 | 0 |
At least a few | a | OWA | a | a | |
A few | a | OWA | a | a | |
Half | Vik = 1; Vi1 = 0, (1 ≤ k ≤ n) | OWA (WLC) | 0.5 | 1 | |
Most | a | OWA | a | a | |
Almost all | a | OWA | a | a | |
All | Vin = 1; Vik = 0, (1 ≤ k < n) | OWA (AND) | 0 | 0 |
Criteria | Model Application | Description |
---|---|---|
Elevation | Constraint mapping and suitability mapping | Elevation until 700 m could not be a limiting factor in citrus tree production [62]. Lower values denote higher importance. The elevation is the most vital environmental factor in nearly all of the models [69]. |
Maximum temperature | Constraint mapping and suitability mapping | The temperature should not be high (over 38 °C); otherwise, evapotranspiration would be high, which will require artificial irrigation. Due to water scarcity, the lower the value, the greater the suitability of the site and the higher the preference. |
Minimum temperature | Constraint mapping and suitability mapping | The parameter is considered the function of the degreening process, except for the extreme minimum temperature (less than 0 °C because of chilling and freeze injury), which is not suitable. Higher values denote high site suitability. |
Slope angle | Constraint mapping and suitability mapping | Steeper slopes have negative effects on picking up fruits (more than 26°). Furthermore, runoff, nutrient losses, and soil fertility are proportional to the slope angle. Flat areas enhance high performance, which is suitable for citrus orchards. Lower values mean higher priority. |
Rainfall | Constraint mapping and suitability mapping | Rainfall less than 400 mm in the hottest month (from June to August) is not guaranteed. The places that received more than 800 mm per year are considered as potential sites. The higher the value, the higher the priority (except in flowering stages and runoff disaster). |
Comparative Importance | Suitability Rating | Numerical Expression |
---|---|---|
Equal importance | Not suitable | 1 |
Moderate importance of one over another | Marginally suitable | 3 |
Essential or strong importance | Moderately suitable | 5 |
Very strong importance | Highly suitable | 7 |
Extreme importance | Optimally suitable | 9 |
Intermediate values | 2,4,6,8 |
Suitability Criterion | Elevation | Maximum Temperature | Minimum Temperature | Slope Angle | Rainfall |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elevation | 1 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 5 |
Maximum temperature | 1/5 | 1 | 1/3 | 3 | 1/2 |
Minimum temperature | 1/3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 |
Slope angle | 1/7 | 1/3 | 1/5 | 1 | 1/5 |
Rainfall | 1/5 | 2 | 1/3 | 5 | 1 |
Σ | 1.87 | 11.3 | 4.86 | 21 | 9.7 |
Suitability Criterion | Elevation | Maximum Temperature | Minimum Temperature | Slope Angle | Rainfall | Weights |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elevation | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.61 | 0.30 | 0.43 | 0.462 |
Maximum temperature | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.106 |
Minimum temperature | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.236 |
Slope angle | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.042 |
Rainfall | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.144 |
Σ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
(n) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
(RI) | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.49 | 1.51 | 1.48 | 1.56 | 1.57 | 1.59 |
Different Suitability Classes | Area (Hectare) | Percent |
---|---|---|
Unsuitable | 4956.98 | 3.2 |
Moderate | 66,359.46 | 90.1 |
Suitable | 2348.01 | 6.7 |
Total | 71,316.44 | 100 |
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Share and Cite
Zabihi, H.; Alizadeh, M.; Kibet Langat, P.; Karami, M.; Shahabi, H.; Ahmad, A.; Nor Said, M.; Lee, S. GIS Multi-Criteria Analysis by Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA): Toward an Integrated Citrus Management Strategy. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041009
Zabihi H, Alizadeh M, Kibet Langat P, Karami M, Shahabi H, Ahmad A, Nor Said M, Lee S. GIS Multi-Criteria Analysis by Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA): Toward an Integrated Citrus Management Strategy. Sustainability. 2019; 11(4):1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041009
Chicago/Turabian StyleZabihi, Hasan, Mohsen Alizadeh, Philip Kibet Langat, Mohammadreza Karami, Himan Shahabi, Anuar Ahmad, Mohamad Nor Said, and Saro Lee. 2019. "GIS Multi-Criteria Analysis by Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA): Toward an Integrated Citrus Management Strategy" Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041009
APA StyleZabihi, H., Alizadeh, M., Kibet Langat, P., Karami, M., Shahabi, H., Ahmad, A., Nor Said, M., & Lee, S. (2019). GIS Multi-Criteria Analysis by Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA): Toward an Integrated Citrus Management Strategy. Sustainability, 11(4), 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041009