How does the Traditional Heavy Industry Use Ecotechnology to Achieve the Ecological Innovation Goal? Analysis Based on Expert Survey in China’s Shipbuilding Industry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Analysis
2.1. Research Significance of Ecological Problems in the Heavy Industry
2.2. Definition and Application of Ecotechnology
2.3. Shipbuilding Ecological Innovation Goal
2.4. Use of Research Methods
3. Case Studies
3.1. Problem Description
3.2. Data Collection
3.3. Experimental Analysis
3.3.1. Exploratory Factor Analysis
3.3.2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis
4. Simulation Results
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Energy technology, digital technology, and strategic management appeared to have an important role in promoting the realization of ecological and social benefits.
- (2)
- Energy technology, shipbuilding technology, digital technology, and strategic management play an important role in promoting the realization of economic benefits.
- (3)
- Ship technology, digital technology, and strategic management can promote the realization of the safety protection goal, whereas the energy technology has little influence on it.
- (4)
- We extracted the key technologies affecting the realization of each goal.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Area | Shipbuilding Corporation | Valid Questionnaires |
---|---|---|
Pearl River Delta | Guangzhou Wen chong Shipyard Company Limited (Co., Ltd.) | 35 |
Guangzhou Shipyard International Co., Ltd. | 36 | |
COSCO SHIPPING Development Co., Ltd. | 34 | |
Guangzhou Zhongchuan Longxue Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. | 26 | |
Yangtze River Delta | Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. | 35 |
Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co. Ltd. | 30 | |
Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding (Group) Co., Ltd. | 20 | |
Jiangsu Yangzijiang Shipbuilding Group Ltd. | 25 | |
Around Bohai Gulf Area | Bohai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. | 21 |
Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd. | 34 | |
Qingdao Shipyard Co., Ltd. | 35 | |
Total | 11 companies | 331 |
Appendix B
Ecotechnology Category | Coding | Technical Explanation |
---|---|---|
Consider pollution prevention when designing. | A11 | Sewage treatment, ballast water system, desulfurization scrubber application, SCR technology |
Use renewable energy and improve energy infrastructure. | A12 | Wind power, LNG power, hydrogen energy, lithium batteries, clean energy |
Use environment-friendly materials and equipment. | A13 | Biofuels, new materials, new coatings, indoor shipbuilding technology |
Increase segment scale. | A14 | Ship standard prefabrication technique |
Improve the level of cell manufacturing. | A15 | Increase the ratio of units to total shipbuilding |
Shorten the dock construction cycle. | A16 | Advanced outfitting technology |
Improve rust removal methods and processes. | A21 | Mechanical rust removal and intelligent cleaning |
Improve automated laser and welding technology. | A22 | Laser equipment and welding robot |
Update and upgrade of detection technology. | A23 | NDT technology (non-destructive testing technology). Inspection and controlling of computer, infrared thermal image detection technology |
Information feedback of monitoring technology. | A24 | Real-time monitoring |
Digitalized sample ship. | A31 | Digital shipbuilding, virtual reality, smart shipping |
Ship database construction. | A32 | New technology, new application, ship’s standard |
Data sharing between ship companies. | A33 | Technology, product, management system |
Shipbuilding Internet of Things. | A34 | Sensor information equipment is installed into all parts of the ship and combined with the Internet to achieve intelligent management |
Establish shipbuilding alliance. | A41 | The advantages and resources allocation of shipbuilding enterprises |
Improve ship-supporting coordination capabilities. | A42 | Utilization rate for localization of marine equipment |
Create the product brand. | A43 | Increase the high added value of ships |
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Ecotechnology Group | Coding | Ecotechnology Category | Coding |
---|---|---|---|
Energy utilization technology | A1 | Consider pollution prevention when designing. | A11 |
Use renewable energy and improve energy infrastructure. | A12 | ||
Use environment-friendly materials and equipment. | A13 | ||
Increase the segment scale. | A14 | ||
Improve the level of cell manufacturing. | A15 | ||
Shorten the dock construction cycle. | A16 | ||
Shipbuilding technology | A2 | Improve the rust removal methods and processes. | A21 |
Improve the automated laser and welding technology. | A22 | ||
Update and upgrade the detection technology. | A23 | ||
Information feedback of the monitoring technology. | A24 | ||
Digital technology | A3 | Digitalized sample ship. | A31 |
Ship database construction. | A32 | ||
Data sharing between ship companies. | A33 | ||
Shipbuilding Internet of Things. | A34 | ||
Strategic management | A4 | Establish shipbuilding alliance. | A41 |
Improve the ship-supporting coordination capabilities. | A42 | ||
Create the product brand. | A43 |
KMO Metric with Sufficient Sampling | 0.878 | |
---|---|---|
Bartlett’s test | Approximate chi-square | 4198.492 |
df | 136 | |
Sig. | 0.000 |
Component | Initial Eigenvalues | Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings | Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Variance % | Accumulation % | Total | Variance % | Accumulation % | Total | Variance % | Accumulation % | |
1 | 5.995 | 35.264 | 35.264 | 5.995 | 35.264 | 35.264 | 4.567 | 26.867 | 26.867 |
2 | 2.919 | 17.168 | 52.432 | 2.919 | 17.168 | 52.432 | 3.318 | 19.516 | 46.383 |
3 | 2.486 | 14.623 | 67.055 | 2.486 | 14.623 | 67.055 | 3.153 | 18.550 | 64.933 |
4 | 1.999 | 11.756 | 78.811 | 1.999 | 11.756 | 78.811 | 2.359 | 13.878 | 78.811 |
5 | 0.446 | 2.624 | 81.435 | ||||||
6 | 0.418 | 2.457 | 83.892 | ||||||
7 | 0.367 | 2.159 | 86.051 | ||||||
8 | 0.326 | 1.919 | 87.971 | ||||||
9 | 0.306 | 1.799 | 89.770 | ||||||
10 | 0.299 | 1.757 | 91.526 | ||||||
11 | 0.264 | 1.551 | 93.077 | ||||||
12 | 0.258 | 1.518 | 94.595 | ||||||
13 | 0.238 | 1.399 | 95.994 | ||||||
14 | 0.211 | 1.244 | 97.238 | ||||||
15 | 0.169 | 0.993 | 98.231 | ||||||
16 | 0.157 | 0.921 | 99.152 | ||||||
17 | 0.144 | 0.848 | 100.000 |
Component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
A15 | 0.883 | |||
A16 | 0.872 | |||
A13 | 0.865 | |||
A14 | 0.856 | |||
A12 | 0.840 | |||
A11 | 0.827 | |||
A32 | 0.911 | |||
A33 | 0.906 | |||
A31 | 0.896 | |||
A34 | 0.857 | |||
A21 | 0.881 | |||
A23 | 0.879 | |||
A22 | 0.858 | |||
A24 | 0.857 | |||
A42 | 0.895 | |||
A41 | 0.879 | |||
A43 | 0.835 |
KMO Metric with Sufficient Sampling | 0.792 | |
---|---|---|
Bartlett’s test | Approximate chi-square | 1549.518 |
Df | 36 | |
Sig. | 0.000 |
Component | Initial Eigenvalues | Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings | Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Variance % | Accumulation % | Total | Variance % | Accumulation % | Total | Variance % | Accumulation % | |
1 | 3.579 | 39.769 | 39.769 | 3.579 | 39.769 | 39.769 | 2.535 | 28.168 | 28.168 |
2 | 2.241 | 24.898 | 64.667 | 2.241 | 24.898 | 64.667 | 2.355 | 26.163 | 54.331 |
3 | 1.281 | 14.235 | 78.902 | 1.281 | 14.235 | 78.902 | 2.211 | 24.571 | 78.902 |
4 | 0.399 | 4.432 | 83.334 | ||||||
5 | 0.397 | 4.413 | 87.747 | ||||||
6 | 0.342 | 3.800 | 91.548 | ||||||
7 | 0.315 | 3.495 | 95.042 | ||||||
8 | 0.243 | 2.703 | 97.745 | ||||||
9 | 0.203 | 2.255 | 100.000 |
Component | G32 | G33 | G31 | G22 | G23 | G21 | G13 | G12 | G11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.924 | 0.908 | 0.905 | ||||||
2 | 0.882 | 0.862 | 0.835 | ||||||
3 | 0.850 | 0.834 | 0.816 |
Total Correlation for Calibration Items | Cronbach’s Alpha after Deleting Item | Cronbach’s Alpha | Number of Items | |
---|---|---|---|---|
A11 | 0.784 | 0.929 | 0.937 | 6 |
A12 | 0.795 | 0.929 | ||
A13 | 0.827 | 0.924 | ||
A14 | 0.790 | 0.929 | ||
A15 | 0.851 | 0.921 | ||
A16 | 0.837 | 0.923 | ||
A21 | 0.791 | 0.878 | 0.906 | 4 |
A22 | 0.780 | 0.882 | ||
A23 | 0.806 | 0.873 | ||
A24 | 0.783 | 0.882 | ||
A31 | 0.833 | 0.909 | 0.929 | 4 |
A32 | 0.871 | 0.896 | ||
A33 | 0.861 | 0.899 | ||
A34 | 0.779 | 0.926 | ||
A41 | 0.756 | 0.779 | 0.858 | 3 |
A42 | 0.776 | 0.759 | ||
A43 | 0.673 | 0.855 | ||
G11 | 0.672 | 0.752 | 0.818 | 3 |
G12 | 0.677 | 0.744 | ||
G13 | 0.669 | 0.754 | ||
G21 | 0.724 | 0.822 | 0.863 | 3 |
G22 | 0.756 | 0.792 | ||
G23 | 0.740 | 0.807 | ||
G31 | 0.797 | 0.878 | 0.906 | 3 |
G32 | 0.834 | 0.847 | ||
G33 | 0.807 | 0.870 |
Title | Dimension | Estimate | S. Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | P | AVE | CR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A11 | A1 | 1 | 0.809 | 0.716 | 0.938 | |||
A12 | 1.15 | 0.821 | 0.066 | 17.358 | *** | |||
A13 | 1.108 | 0.869 | 0.059 | 18.883 | *** | |||
A14 | 1.034 | 0.817 | 0.06 | 17.249 | *** | |||
A15 | 1.182 | 0.877 | 0.062 | 19.146 | *** | |||
A16 | 1.145 | 0.88 | 0.06 | 19.235 | *** | |||
A21 | A2 | 1 | 0.835 | 0.71 | 0.907 | |||
A22 | 0.942 | 0.831 | 0.053 | 17.86 | *** | |||
A23 | 0.974 | 0.865 | 0.052 | 18.891 | *** | |||
A24 | 1.067 | 0.839 | 0.059 | 18.098 | *** | |||
A31 | A3 | 1 | 0.87 | 0.682 | 0.896 | |||
A32 | 1.154 | 0.923 | 0.048 | 24.129 | *** | |||
A33 | 1.09 | 0.903 | 0.047 | 23.185 | *** | |||
A34 | 0.897 | 0.806 | 0.048 | 18.748 | *** | |||
A41 | A4 | 1 | 0.847 | 0.675 | 0.861 | |||
A42 | 1.046 | 0.881 | 0.062 | 16.852 | *** | |||
A43 | 0.767 | 0.729 | 0.054 | 14.337 | *** | |||
G11 | G1 | 1 | 0.788 | 0.602 | 0.819 | |||
G12 | 0.946 | 0.784 | 0.072 | 13.109 | *** | |||
G13 | 0.854 | 0.755 | 0.067 | 12.781 | *** | |||
G21 | G2 | 1 | 0.794 | 0.678 | 0.863 | |||
G22 | 1.147 | 0.849 | 0.071 | 16.102 | *** | |||
G23 | 1.065 | 0.826 | 0.068 | 15.692 | *** | |||
G31 | G3 | 1 | 0.851 | 0.764 | 0.901 | |||
G32 | 1.043 | 0.9 | 0.051 | 20.291 | *** | |||
G33 | 0.984 | 0.87 | 0.05 | 19.595 | *** |
CMIN | DF | CMIN/DF | GFI | NFI | TLI | CFI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
408.748 | 278 | 1.47 | 0.914 | 0.935 | 0.974 | 0.978 | 0.038 |
A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | G1 | G2 | G3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 0.846 | ||||||
A2 | 0.273 ** | 0.843 | |||||
A3 | 0.242 ** | 0.253 ** | 0.826 | ||||
A4 | 0.247 ** | 0.100 | 0.189 ** | 0.822 | |||
G1 | 0.403 ** | 0.220 ** | 0.260 ** | 0.286 ** | 0.776 | ||
G2 | 0.404 ** | 0.457 ** | 0.380 ** | 0.376 ** | 0.440 ** | 0.823 | |
G3 | 0.127 * | 0.231 ** | 0.273 ** | 0.190 ** | 0.140 * | 0.184 ** | 0.874 |
CMIN | DF | CMIN/DF | GFI | NFI | TLI | CFI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
425.073 | 281 | 1.513 | 0.911 | 0.932 | 0.972 | 0.976 | 0.039 |
Estimate | S. Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | P | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | <--- | A1 | 0.358 | 0.34 | 0.067 | 5.313 | *** |
G2 | <--- | A1 | 0.251 | 0.212 | 0.063 | 3.981 | *** |
G3 | <--- | A1 | −0.016 | −0.013 | 0.075 | −0.218 | 0.828 |
G1 | <--- | A2 | 0.077 | 0.095 | 0.049 | 1.563 | 0.118 |
G2 | <--- | A2 | 0.334 | 0.368 | 0.05 | 6.627 | *** |
G3 | <--- | A2 | 0.157 | 0.17 | 0.058 | 2.729 | 0.006 |
G1 | <--- | A3 | 0.125 | 0.147 | 0.051 | 2.439 | 0.015 |
G2 | <--- | A3 | 0.203 | 0.211 | 0.05 | 4.06 | *** |
G3 | <--- | A3 | 0.222 | 0.227 | 0.06 | 3.686 | *** |
G1 | <--- | A4 | 0.178 | 0.215 | 0.051 | 3.507 | *** |
G2 | <--- | A4 | 0.278 | 0.299 | 0.05 | 5.561 | *** |
G3 | <--- | A4 | 0.141 | 0.149 | 0.058 | 2.412 | 0.016 |
Relation Types | Relation Result | Goal Impact Ranking | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Energy technology | Ecological and social benefit goals | Significant | 1 | |
Shipbuilding technology | Ecological and social benefit goals | Not significant | 4 | |
Digital technology | Ecological and social benefit goals | Significant | 3 | |
Strategic management | Ecological and social benefit goals | Significant | 2 | |
Energy technology | Economic benefit goals | Significant | 3 | |
Shipbuilding technology | Economic benefit goals | Significant | 1 | |
Digital technology | Economic benefit goals | Significant | 4 | |
Strategic management | Economic benefit goals | Significant | 2 | |
Energy technology | Security goal | Not significant | 4 | |
Shipbuilding technology | Security goal | Significant | 2 | |
Digital technology | Security goal | Significant | 1 | |
Strategic management | Security goal | Significant | 3 |
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Shen, H.; Bi, K.; Gao, Y.; Wang, M. How does the Traditional Heavy Industry Use Ecotechnology to Achieve the Ecological Innovation Goal? Analysis Based on Expert Survey in China’s Shipbuilding Industry. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6624. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166624
Shen H, Bi K, Gao Y, Wang M. How does the Traditional Heavy Industry Use Ecotechnology to Achieve the Ecological Innovation Goal? Analysis Based on Expert Survey in China’s Shipbuilding Industry. Sustainability. 2020; 12(16):6624. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166624
Chicago/Turabian StyleShen, Huayan, Kexin Bi, Yu Gao, and Meisha Wang. 2020. "How does the Traditional Heavy Industry Use Ecotechnology to Achieve the Ecological Innovation Goal? Analysis Based on Expert Survey in China’s Shipbuilding Industry" Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6624. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166624