Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network

Marcos-Pardo, Pablo Jorge; González-Gálvez, Noelia; Vaquero-Cristóbal, Raquel; Gea-García, Gemma María; López-Vivancos, Abraham; Espeso-García, Alejandro; Velázquez-Díaz, Daniel; Carbonell-Baeza, Ana; Jiménez-Pavón, David; Brandão Pinto de Castro, Juliana; Vale, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza

doi:10.3390/su12219208

Open AccessArticle

Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network

by

Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo

^1,2,*

,

Noelia González-Gálvez

^1,2,*

,

Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal

^1,2

,

Gemma María Gea-García

^1,2

,

Abraham López-Vivancos

^1,2

,

Alejandro Espeso-García

^1,2

,

Daniel Velázquez-Díaz

^2,3,4

,

Ana Carbonell-Baeza

^2,3,4,

David Jiménez-Pavón

^2,3,4

,

Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro

⁵

and

Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale

^2,5,6

¹

Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain

²

Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain

³

MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain

⁴

Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain

⁵

Laboratory of Exercise and Sport (LABEES), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), 20550 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

⁶

Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Estacio de Sá University, 22640-102 Cabo Frio, Brazil

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 9208; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219208

Submission received: 30 September 2020 / Revised: 27 October 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 / Published: 5 November 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Sports Practice in Improving Body Composition and Sustainable Health)

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Abstract

Aging is associated with a progressive loss of functional capacity that affects the health and quality of life of middle-aged and older people. The purpose of this study was to report functional autonomy evaluation levels in middle-aged and older women in the Spanish context. A total of 709 middle-aged and older women, between 50 and 90 years old, were selected to participate in the study. The sample was divided by age category every five years. The functional autonomy levels were determined by the Latin American Group for Maturity (GDLAM) protocol and we developed a classification pattern for middle-aged and older women living in Spain. The GDLAM Index (GI) was then calculated to assess functional autonomy. The classification of the tests and the GI followed the percentile rank (P) Very Good (p < 0.15), Good (p 0.16–p 0.50), Regular (p 0.51–p 0.85), and Poor (p > 0.85). It was considered that the lower the value found for the percentile, the better the result. The GDLAM protocol showed strong reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values greater than 0.92 in all tests. It is observed that all variables of the GDLAM protocol presented a positive and significant correlation with age (p < 0.001). The Roc Curve showed that GI values higher than 26 (CI95% = 0.97–1.00; p < 0.001) and 32 (CI95% = 0.98–1.00; p < 0.001) for middle-aged and elderly women, respectively, can predict and indicate low functional autonomy. The normative values hereby provided will enable evaluation and adequate interpretation of Spanish middle-aged and older women’s functional autonomy.

Keywords: functional capacity; older people; functional autonomy assessment; aging; health

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MDPI and ACS Style

Marcos-Pardo, P.J.; González-Gálvez, N.; Vaquero-Cristóbal, R.; Gea-García, G.M.; López-Vivancos, A.; Espeso-García, A.; Velázquez-Díaz, D.; Carbonell-Baeza, A.; Jiménez-Pavón, D.; Brandão Pinto de Castro, J.; et al. Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9208. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219208

AMA Style

Marcos-Pardo PJ, González-Gálvez N, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Gea-García GM, López-Vivancos A, Espeso-García A, Velázquez-Díaz D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Jiménez-Pavón D, Brandão Pinto de Castro J, et al. Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network. Sustainability. 2020; 12(21):9208. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219208

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcos-Pardo, Pablo Jorge, Noelia González-Gálvez, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal, Gemma María Gea-García, Abraham López-Vivancos, Alejandro Espeso-García, Daniel Velázquez-Díaz, Ana Carbonell-Baeza, David Jiménez-Pavón, Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro, and et al. 2020. "Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network" Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9208. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219208

APA Style

Marcos-Pardo, P. J., González-Gálvez, N., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Gea-García, G. M., López-Vivancos, A., Espeso-García, A., Velázquez-Díaz, D., Carbonell-Baeza, A., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Brandão Pinto de Castro, J., & Vale, R. G. d. S. (2020). Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network. Sustainability, 12(21), 9208. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219208

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Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network

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