Quantitative Determination of Some Parameters in the Tennant Method and Its Application to Sustainability: A Case Study of the Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Methodology
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Calculation of BEEWR
3. Analysis and Results
3.1. Delineation of Flood and Non-Flood Seasons
3.2. Determination of the Ecological Base Flow Standard
3.3. Calculation of BEEWR for Other River Reaches
3.4. Case Study: Yarkand River Basin, Xinjiang, China
3.4.1. Determination of Flood and Non-Flood Seasons for the Yarkand River
3.4.2. Determination of the Ecological Base Flow Standard and BEEWR in Kaqun Section
3.4.3. Determination of BEEWRs in Other Sections
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Qualitative Description of Habitat | Base Flow Standard (Average Annual Natural Flow Percentage) | |
---|---|---|
Non-Flood Season | Flood Season | |
Greatest | 200 | 200 |
Best | 60–100 | 60–100 |
Excellent | 40 | 60 |
Very good | 30 | 50 |
Good | 20 | 40 |
Medium good | 10 | 30 |
Poor | 10 | 10 |
Extremely poor | 0–10 | 0–10 |
Month | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature (℃) | −7.69 | −1.63 | 7.58 | 15.68 | 21.19 | 25.33 | 27.04 | 25.58 | 20 | 11.51 | 2.34 | −5.52 |
Value of increase in temperature (℃) | 6.06 | 9.21 | 8.1 | 5.51 | 4.14 | 1.71 | −1.46 | −5.58 | −8.49 | −9.17 | −7.86 | |
Rate of increase in runoffforevery one degree increase in temperature (%) | 9.98 | |||||||||||
Rate of increase in monthly runoff (%) | 60 | 91 | 80 | 54 | 41 | 17 | −14 | −55 | −84 | −91 | −78 |
Month | Hetian River | Aksu River | Main Stream, Tarim River |
---|---|---|---|
January | 0.28 | 1.2 | 3.4 |
February | 0.26 | 1.55 | 3.25 |
March | 0.26 | 1.95 | 3.05 |
April | 0.24 | 1.95 | 1.1 |
May | 0.31 | 3.8 | 1.95 |
June | 1.65 | 8.65 | 2.06 |
July | 5.41 | 24.5 | 9.9 |
August | 6.26 | 17.2 | 16.34 |
September | 3.03 | 5.55 | 5.16 |
October | 0.59 | 3.75 | 2.06 |
November | 0.57 | 3.25 | 1.85 |
December | 0.31 | 1.05 | 4.1 |
Months | Yiganqi | 48th Mission Ferry | Alektamu | Heiniyazi |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0 | 0 |
6 | 1.25 | 1.17 | 1.02 | 0.07 |
7 | 4.41 | 2.54 | 1.57 | 0.35 |
8 | 5.26 | 2.63 | 1.51 | 1.45 |
9 | 2.99 | 1.81 | 1.73 | 0 |
10 | 0.55 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
11 | 0.54 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 16.39 | 8.44 | 5.83 | |
Flood season | 11.18 | 6.50 | 4.10 | 1.87 |
Non-flood season | 5.21 | 1.94 | 1.73 | 0 |
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Fu, A.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z. Quantitative Determination of Some Parameters in the Tennant Method and Its Application to Sustainability: A Case Study of the Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093699
Fu A, Wang Y, Ye Z. Quantitative Determination of Some Parameters in the Tennant Method and Its Application to Sustainability: A Case Study of the Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12(9):3699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093699
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Aihong, Yi Wang, and Zhaoxia Ye. 2020. "Quantitative Determination of Some Parameters in the Tennant Method and Its Application to Sustainability: A Case Study of the Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China" Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093699