Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Goal and Scope Definition
2.2. Functional Unit
2.3. Boundaries
2.4. System Description
2.5. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)
2.6. Data Acquisition
2.7. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Model
3. Results
3.1. Organic Coating System Impact Assessment
3.2. Organic Coating System Comparison with Traditional Wood-Burning Technique
3.3. Sensitivity Analysis
3.4. Cost Analysis to Produce the Organic Frosting Protection
4. Discussion
4.1. Environmental Impact Aspects
4.2. Cost Aspects
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sugar Organic Coating and Straw | ||
---|---|---|
Materials/assemblies | ||
Sugar, from sugar beet {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 0.5 | ton |
Straw {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 0.1 | ton |
Polypropylene, granulate {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 1.5 | kg |
Tap water {Europe without Switzerland}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 1 | kg |
Processes | ||
Application of plant protection product, by field sprayer {RoW}|processing|Alloc Def, U | 1 | ha |
Transport, tractor and trailer, agricultural {GLO}| market for|Alloc Def, U | 1.5 | tkm |
Transport, passenger car {RER}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 40 | km |
Stretch blow moulding {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 1.5 | kg |
Cotton Candy Machine (5 Years Lifespan) | ||
Materials/assemblies | ||
Steel, low-alloyed {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 13 | kg |
Cable, three-conductor cable {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 5 | m |
Corrugated board boxes, technology mix, prod. mix, 16.6% primary fibre, 83.4% recycled fibre EU-25 S | 3 | kg |
Processes | ||
Transport, freight, light commercial vehicle {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 0.015 × 1500 | tkm |
Electricity, low voltage {IT}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 68.75 | kWh |
Materials/Assemblies | ||
---|---|---|
Wood chips, wet, measured as dry mass {RoW}|hardwood forestry, oak, sustainable forest management|Alloc Def, U | 5000 | kg |
Polypropylene, granulate {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, S | 10 | kg |
Processes | ||
Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, U | 650 | tkm |
Transport, passenger car {RER}| market for|Alloc Def, U | 40 | km |
Transport, tractor and trailer, agricultural {GLO}|market for|Alloc Def, S | 10 | tkm |
Extrusion, plastic film {GLO}| market for|Alloc Def, U | 10 | kg |
Wood burning | 5000 | kg |
Tests Carried out with Sucrose and Straw | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sugar Used in 1 He [kg] | Cost of Raw Materials [€] | Thermal Energy [kWh] | Cost of Energy Consumption [€] | Overall Costs [€] |
250 | 237 | 4612.5 | 960 | 1200 |
500 | 474.75 | 3787.5 | 787.5 | 1260 |
749 | 711.75 | 3577.5 | 742.5 | 1455 |
999 | 948.75 | 3255 | 675 | 1627.5 |
1249 | 1186.5 | 2925 | 607.5 | 1792.5 |
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Frota de Albuquerque Landi, F.; Di Giuseppe, A.; Gambelli, A.M.; Palliotti, A.; Nicolini, A.; Pisello, A.L.; Rossi, F. Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5562. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105562
Frota de Albuquerque Landi F, Di Giuseppe A, Gambelli AM, Palliotti A, Nicolini A, Pisello AL, Rossi F. Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard. Sustainability. 2021; 13(10):5562. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105562
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrota de Albuquerque Landi, Fabiana, Alessia Di Giuseppe, Alberto Maria Gambelli, Alberto Palliotti, Andrea Nicolini, Anna Laura Pisello, and Federico Rossi. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard" Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5562. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105562