Potential Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture Prospected from Ferruginous Caves of the Iron Quadrangle/Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cave Selection and Collection of Sample Material
2.2. Isolation and Preservation of Culturable Bacterial Isolates
2.3. In Vitro Inhibition Assays against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc306)
2.4. In Vivo Inhibition Assay against Xcc306
2.5. In Vitro Inhibition Test against Fusarium oxysporum (Fo)
2.6. In Vitro Inhibition Assay against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Strain 89 (Cl89)
2.7. Calculation of the Inhibition Rate of Phytopathogenic Fungi
2.8. Plant Growth Promotion Assays
2.9. Calcium Phosphate Solubilization Assay
2.10. Siderophore Production Assay
2.11. Nitrogen Fixation Assay
2.12. Hydrolase Production Assay
2.13. Bacterial Motility Assay
2.14. Test of Biofilm Production and Bacterial Self-Aggregation Capacity
2.15. Molecular Identification of Potential Bioinoculants
2.16. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolate | Source | CC | Biocontrol Activity (%) | PGP Activity | Molecular Identification | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cave | Samples | Xcc306 (iVt) (mm) | Xcc306 (iVv) | Fo (DI iVt) | Fo (II iVt) | Cl89 (DI iVt) | Cl89 (II iVt) | PS | NF (mm) | P/C/A | Sid | Genus | Accession | Ident. (%) | Cov. (%) | NCBI Ref | ||
A1 | 2 | Ceiling | White | 21.78 | 36.4 | 23.7 | 2.7 | 83.1 | 10.3 | 0 | 0 | − + + | − | Bacillus sp. | MZ468598 | 96.09% | 97% | NR_075005.2 |
A2 | 6 | Floor | Red | 20.18 | −12.6 | 55.0 | 79.4 | 98.3 | 100.0 | 82.9 | 3.5 | + − − | + | NI | − | − | − | − |
A3 | 6 | Floor | Red | 22.07 | 4.6 | 56.7 | 76.9 | 95.0 | 100.0 | 49.3 | 5.5 | + − − | + | Nissabacter sp. | MZ468599 | 94.42% | 95% | NR_147393.1 |
A4 | 6 | Floor | Red | 18.60 | 54.9 | 79.6 | 98.2 | 100.0 | 5.5 | + − − | + | Nissabacter sp. | MZ468600 | 96.50% | 924% | NR_147393.1 | ||
A5 | 6 | Floor | Red | 17.19 | 35.0 | 56.1 | 76.2 | 99.3 | 100.0 | 157.9 | 7.5 | + − − | + | Nissabacter sp. | MZ468601 | 98.78% | 93% | NR_147393.1 |
A6 | 6 | Floor | Red | 20.56 | 40.7 | 56.4 | 77.9 | 97.3 | 100.0 | 301.8 | 6.5 | + − − | + | Nissabacter sp. | MZ468602 | 99.39% | 94% | NR_147393.1 |
A8 | 6 | Floor | Red | 16.65 | 67.8 | 53.9 | 79.5 | 97.7 | 100.0 | 151.5 | 7 | + − − | + | Dickeya sp. | MZ468603 | 98.47% | 98% | NR_151914.1 |
A10 | 6 | Floor | Red | 18.36 | 44.2 | 57.6 | 77.3 | 99.0 | 100.0 | 24.9 | 7 | + − − | + | Serratia sp. | MZ468604 | 99.28% | 95% | NR_114157.1 |
B1 | 6 | Floor | Red | 22.86 | 0.46 | 56.1 | 79.8 | 99.3 | 100.0 | 41.5 | 6 | + − − | + | Serratia sp. | MZ468605 | 99.64% | 89% | NR_114157.1 |
B4 | 6 | Ceiling | Red | 22.69 | 17.2 | 58.4 | 79.5 | 97.8 | 100.0 | 260.4 | 3.5 | + − − | + | Serratia sp. | MZ468606 | 98.48% | 87% | NR_114043.1 |
B6 | 6 | Ceiling | Red | 23.39 | 28.0 | 57.4 | 78.1 | 97.5 | 100.0 | 49.3 | 5.5 | + − − | + | Serratia sp. | MZ468607 | 98.20% | 95% | NR_114157.1 |
B9 | 6 | Ceiling | Red | 18.38 | 20.5 | 67.0 | 78.0 | 99.0 | 100.0 | 20.4 | 4.5 | + − − | + | Serratia sp. | MZ468608 | 97.93% | 94% | NR_114157.1 |
C2 | 6 | Ceiling | Red | 21.66 | −2.1 | 62.7 | 80,0 | 98.8 | 100.0 | 65.5 | 5 | + − − | + | Serratia sp. | MZ468609 | 99.64% | 97% | NR_114157.1 |
C3 | 6 | Ceiling | Red | 19.88 | 40.8 | 66.0 | 81.4 | 83.7 | 100.0 | 46.9 | 5.5 | + − − | + | Serratia sp. | MZ468610 | 98.93% | 90% | NR_114157.1 |
C7 | 6 | Ceiling | Red | 22.02 | −8.0 | 67.0 | 79.5 | 99.0 | 100.0 | 52.8 | 4 | + − − | + | Serratia sp. | MZ468611 | 99.64% | 94% | NR_114157.1 |
D3 | 8 | Ceiling | Red | 20.07 | 46.0 | 68.4 | 80.6 | 98.9 | 100.0 | 39.0 | 4 | + − − | + | Serratia sp. | MZ468612 | 99.65% | 95% | NR_114157.1 |
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Lemes, C.G.C.; Cordeiro, I.F.; de Paula, C.H.; Silva, A.K.; do Carmo, F.F.; Kamino, L.H.Y.; Carvalho, F.M.S.; Caicedo, J.C.; Ferro, J.A.; Moreira, L.M. Potential Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture Prospected from Ferruginous Caves of the Iron Quadrangle/Brazil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9354. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169354
Lemes CGC, Cordeiro IF, de Paula CH, Silva AK, do Carmo FF, Kamino LHY, Carvalho FMS, Caicedo JC, Ferro JA, Moreira LM. Potential Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture Prospected from Ferruginous Caves of the Iron Quadrangle/Brazil. Sustainability. 2021; 13(16):9354. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169354
Chicago/Turabian StyleLemes, Camila G. C., Isabella F. Cordeiro, Camila H. de Paula, Ana K. Silva, Flávio F. do Carmo, Luciana H. Y. Kamino, Flávia M. S. Carvalho, Juan C. Caicedo, Jesus A. Ferro, and Leandro M. Moreira. 2021. "Potential Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture Prospected from Ferruginous Caves of the Iron Quadrangle/Brazil" Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9354. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169354