Impact of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Biochar Enriched with Chicken Manure Extract on Phosphorus Retention in Sandy Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biochar and Manure Source
2.2. Preparation of Chicken Manure Extract
2.3. Preparation of Enriched Biochar
2.4. Soil Sampling and Soil Physico-Chemical Analysis
2.5. Incubation Experiment
2.6. Leaching Experiment
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Characterization of Chicken Manure Solid and Liquid
3.2. Chemical Characterization of Biochar and Enriched Biochar
3.3. Soil Physico-Chemical Characterization
3.4. Influence of Biochar Enrichment on Soil pH
3.5. Influence of Biochar Enrichment on Phosphorus Availability
3.6. Influence of Biochar Enrichment on Leaching Losses of Phosphorus
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Rate of EEFB t ha−1 | Amount of P (kg. ha−1) | In Experiments g. g Soil−1 |
---|---|---|---|
T1(control) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T2 | 91 kg ha−1 (TSP) | 18 | 0.0007(TSP) |
T3 | 1 | 12.87 | 0.0065 |
T4 | 2 | 25.74 | 0.013 |
T5 | 3 | 38.61 | 0.020 |
T6 | 5 | 64.35 | 0.033 |
Soil Properties | Solid Chicken Manure | Chicken Manure Extract |
---|---|---|
pH | 8.20 | 6.25 |
EC (dS m−1) | 14.7 | 0.0005 |
C | 21.7 | 3.86 |
Total N (%) | 2.8 | 0.06 |
Total P (%) | 2.95 | 1.29 |
Dissolved P (%) | 2 | |
K (%) | 3.3 | 0.09 |
Ca (%) | 14.5 | 1.07 |
Mg (%) | 3.7 | 0.66 |
Cu (mg g−1) | 1.06 | 0.18 |
Zn (mg g−1) | 4.8 | 0.09 |
Dry matter | 87.2 | 0.69 |
Moisture content | 12.8 | 7.42 |
Properties | Before | After |
---|---|---|
Ph (1:5) | 8.85 | 8.50 |
EC (1:5) (dS m−1) | 2.98 | 0.49 |
Total C (%) | 48.7 | 60.5 |
Total N (%) | 1.19 | 1.23 |
Total P (%) | 0.03 | 1.24 |
K (%) | 1.8 | 0.7 |
Ca (%) | 0.4 | 1.2 |
Mg (%) | 0.1 | 0.3 |
CEC (cmol (+) kg−1) | 73.7 | - |
AEC (cmol (−) kg−1) | 40.24 | - |
S (%) | 0.07 | 0.14 |
Cu (ppm) | 0.1 | 0.2 |
Zn (ppm) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Soil Properties | Values |
---|---|
Sand (%) | 88.36 |
Silt (%) | 7.25 |
Clay (%) | 4.37 |
Textural class | Sandy |
Bulk density (g cm−3) | 1.6 |
pH (water) | 4.31 |
EC (dS m−1) | 0.09 |
Available P (mg kg−1) | 56 |
Total P (%) | 0.50 |
Total C (%) | 0.50 |
Total N (%) | 0.07 |
C:N | 7:1 |
K (cmol (+) kg−1) | 0.10 |
Ca (cmol (+) kg−1) | 0.01 |
Mg (cmol (+) kg−1) | 0.01 |
CEC | 0.66 |
Cu (ppm) | 19.4 |
Zn (ppm) | 17.3 |
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Dady, Y.; Ismail, R.; Jol, H.; Arolu, F. Impact of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Biochar Enriched with Chicken Manure Extract on Phosphorus Retention in Sandy Soil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 10851. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910851
Dady Y, Ismail R, Jol H, Arolu F. Impact of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Biochar Enriched with Chicken Manure Extract on Phosphorus Retention in Sandy Soil. Sustainability. 2021; 13(19):10851. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910851
Chicago/Turabian StyleDady, Yossif, Roslan Ismail, Hamdan Jol, and Fatai Arolu. 2021. "Impact of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Biochar Enriched with Chicken Manure Extract on Phosphorus Retention in Sandy Soil" Sustainability 13, no. 19: 10851. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910851