Optimum Mix Design for 3D Concrete Printing Using Mining Tailings: A Case Study in Spain

Álvarez-Fernández, Martina-Inmaculada; Prendes-Gero, María-Belén; González-Nicieza, Celestino; Guerrero-Miguel, Diego-José; Martínez-Martínez, Juan Enrique

doi:10.3390/su13031568

Open AccessArticle

Optimum Mix Design for 3D Concrete Printing Using Mining Tailings: A Case Study in Spain

by

Martina-Inmaculada Álvarez-Fernández

^1,*,

María-Belén Prendes-Gero

²

,

Celestino González-Nicieza

¹,

Diego-José Guerrero-Miguel

¹

and

Juan Enrique Martínez-Martínez

²

¹

Mining Exploitation Department, EIMEM, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain

²

Construction Department, EPM, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sustainability 2021, 13(3), 1568; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031568

Submission received: 30 November 2020 / Revised: 28 January 2021 / Accepted: 28 January 2021 / Published: 2 February 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing Applications and Sustainable Construction)

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Abstract

A mix design, using a mixture of sand and mine tailings as aggregates, was selected to produce a cement-based 3D printing material suitable for building purposes. Different dosage rates of mine tailings, water, superplasticizers, and accelerators were added to the mixture with the end of looking for the optimum strength, workability and buildability. The term buildability includes aspects such as pumpability and printability. Different tests were carried out in order to compare homogeneous material strength with printed material strength, to evaluate the bonding strength between filaments, and to establish the relationship between fresh behaviour and buildability for printing applications. Finally, a mixture with 20% of recycled materials demonstrated its ability to be used as concrete printing material in the construction industry in the frame of circular economy concept.

Keywords: concrete printing; printing buildability; rheological properties; fresh concrete

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MDPI and ACS Style

Álvarez-Fernández, M.-I.; Prendes-Gero, M.-B.; González-Nicieza, C.; Guerrero-Miguel, D.-J.; Martínez-Martínez, J.E. Optimum Mix Design for 3D Concrete Printing Using Mining Tailings: A Case Study in Spain. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031568

AMA Style

Álvarez-Fernández M-I, Prendes-Gero M-B, González-Nicieza C, Guerrero-Miguel D-J, Martínez-Martínez JE. Optimum Mix Design for 3D Concrete Printing Using Mining Tailings: A Case Study in Spain. Sustainability. 2021; 13(3):1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031568

Chicago/Turabian Style

Álvarez-Fernández, Martina-Inmaculada, María-Belén Prendes-Gero, Celestino González-Nicieza, Diego-José Guerrero-Miguel, and Juan Enrique Martínez-Martínez. 2021. "Optimum Mix Design for 3D Concrete Printing Using Mining Tailings: A Case Study in Spain" Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031568

APA Style

Álvarez-Fernández, M.-I., Prendes-Gero, M.-B., González-Nicieza, C., Guerrero-Miguel, D.-J., & Martínez-Martínez, J. E. (2021). Optimum Mix Design for 3D Concrete Printing Using Mining Tailings: A Case Study in Spain. Sustainability, 13(3), 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031568

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Optimum Mix Design for 3D Concrete Printing Using Mining Tailings: A Case Study in Spain

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