Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Isolation and Purification
2.3. Phylogenetic Identification
2.4. Growth, Biomass, and Biochemical Constituent
2.5. Determination of Biodiesel Properties
2.6. Application of Algal-Free Lipid as Aquaculture Feed
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Water Sample Characterizations
3.2. Phylogenetic Identification
3.3. Growth and Biochemical Composition
3.4. Fatty Acid Profiles and Biodiesel Characteristics
3.5. Nutritional Value of Biodiesel Byproduct (FL) as Aquaculture Feed
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ANOVA | analysis of variance |
CFPP | cold filter plugging point |
CN | cetane number |
DU | unsaturation degree |
DW | dry weight |
EC | electrical conductivity |
EEP | early exponential phase |
FA | fatty acid |
FAME | fatty acid methylated ester |
FL | free lipid biomass |
GC-MS | gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
IV | iodine value |
KV | kinematic viscosity |
LCSF | long-chain saturation factor |
LEP | late exponential phase |
MUFA | monounsaturated fatty acid |
NIOF | National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries |
NJ | neighbor-joining |
OD | optical density |
PD | parameter distance |
PUFA | polyunsaturated fatty acids |
RT | retention time |
SD | standard deviation |
SV | saponification value |
TSS | total soluble salts |
WB | whole biomass |
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Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Temperature (°C) | 27.50 ± 0.75 |
pH | 9.36 ± 0.17 |
CO3 (ppt) | 2.80 ± 0.18 |
HCO3 (ppt) | 8.55 ± 260 |
Conductivity (EC, ds/m) | 87.70 ± 1.90 |
Total Soluble Salts (TSS, ppt) | 67.30 ± 1.10 |
Parameter | Values |
---|---|
Dry Weight (DW, g L−1) | 0.845 ± 0.038 |
Proteins (% DW) | 52.03 ± 0.77 |
Lipids (% DW) | 8.52 ± 1.04 |
Carbohydrates (% DW) | 14.00 ± 1.67 |
Biomass productivity (mg L−1 day−1) | 143.83 ± 3.69 |
Lipid productivity (mg L−1 day−1) | 14.37 ± 0.37 |
Fatty Acids | Percentage (%) of Total FA |
---|---|
C6:0 | 0.04 |
C8:0 | 0.23 |
C10:0 | 0.13 |
C11:0 | 0.24 |
C12:0 | 0.05 |
C13:0 | 0.08 |
C14:0 | 1.96 |
C14:1 | 0.45 |
C15:0 | 1.75 |
C15:1 | 0.18 |
C16:0 | 33.60 |
C16:1 | 11.34 |
C17:0 | 1.86 |
C17:1 | 0.48 |
C18:0 | 2.33 |
C18:1 | 14.26 |
C18:2ω6 | 27.88 |
C18:3 ω3 | 1.99 |
C20:3ω3 | 0.46 |
C20:5 ω3 | 0.32 |
C22:6 ω3 | 0.39 |
ΣSTFA | 42.27 |
ΣMUFA | 26.71 |
ΣPUFA | 31.04 |
Strain/Standard | DU | CN | IV | SV | LCSF | CFPP | KV | Db ≥ 4 | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. platensis NIOF17/003 | 88.7 | 52.9 | 85.5 | 210.7 | 4.5 | −2.2 | 19.3 | 0.71 | This study |
A. platensis | 12.53 * | 70 | 102 | 191.9 * | 4.28 * | −3 | 12.4 | 0 | [20] |
A. platensis | 99.08 * | 71.02 * | 109.64 * | 110.50 * | 8.35 * | 9.75 * | 4.67 | 0 | [57] |
N. oceanica CCMP531 | 58 | 58 | 66 | 207 * | 5 * | 10 | 4.2 | 5.4 | [58] |
N. oceanica CCNM 1081 | 70–102 * | 36–54 | 88–169 | 195–200 | 4.4–6 | 2.5–2.8 | 4.6 * | 12–36 | [59] |
N. oceanica NIOF15/001 | 57 | 52 | 94 | 200 | 6.7 | 4.6 | 4 | 19.5 | [17] |
US (ASTM6751−03) # | - | ≥47 | - | - | - | - | 1.9–6.0 | - | [60] |
Europe (EN 14214) # | - | ≥51 | ≤120 | - | - | ≤5/≤−20 | 3.5–5.0 | - | [61] |
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Zaki, M.A.; Ashour, M.; Heneash, A.M.M.; Mabrouk, M.M.; Alprol, A.E.; Khairy, H.M.; Nour, A.M.; Mansour, A.T.; Hassanien, H.A.; Gaber, A.; et al. Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1769. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041769
Zaki MA, Ashour M, Heneash AMM, Mabrouk MM, Alprol AE, Khairy HM, Nour AM, Mansour AT, Hassanien HA, Gaber A, et al. Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production. Sustainability. 2021; 13(4):1769. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041769
Chicago/Turabian StyleZaki, Mohamed A., Mohamed Ashour, Ahmed M. M. Heneash, Mohamed M. Mabrouk, Ahmed E. Alprol, Hanan M. Khairy, Abdelaziz M. Nour, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Hesham A. Hassanien, Ahmed Gaber, and et al. 2021. "Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production" Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1769. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041769