Characterization of Fresh and Durability Properties of Different Lime Mortars for Being Used as Masonry Coatings in the Restoration of Ancient Constructions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation and Curing Conditions
2.3. Characterization of Fresh Properties of Lime Mortars
2.3.1. Determination of Consistency by Using the Flow Table
2.3.2. Determination of Water Retentivity
2.4. Characterization of Hardened Properties of Lime Mortars
2.4.1. Bulk Density and Porosity
2.4.2. Water Absorption by Capillarity
2.4.3. Water Absorption by Immersion
2.4.4. Drying Kinetics Assessment
2.4.5. Carbonation Depth
3. Results
3.1. Fresh Properties of Lime Mortars
3.2. Hardened Properties of Lime Mortars
3.2.1. Bulk Density and Porosity
3.2.2. Water Absorption by Capillarity
3.2.3. Water Absorption by Immersion
3.2.4. Drying Kinetics Assessment
3.2.5. Carbonation Depth
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dmax (mm) | dmin (mm) | Density (kg/m3) | Bulk Density (kg/m3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sand | 2 | 0.250 | 2609 | 1494 |
Crushed rock powder | 4 | <0.063 | 2725 | 1534 |
Mortar Series | Aerial Lime (g) | Hydraulic Lime (g) | Lime Putty (g) | Crushed Rock Powder (g) | Sand (g) | Water (mL) | Water to Binder Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASPL | - | - | 370 | - | 1380 | 88.58 | 0.24 |
ACL/HL | 92 | 128 | - | - | 1400 | 300 | 1.36 |
ACL/PP | 182 | - | - | 475 | 920 | 280 | 1.54 |
ASPL/PP | - | - | 370 | 475 | 920 | 87.32 | 0.24 |
Designation of the Mortar | Binder | Aggregate | Curing Condition |
---|---|---|---|
ASPL-L | Lime putty | Sand | 20 °C and 50% RH |
ASPL-C | Lime putty | Sand | 20 °C and 95% RH |
ACL/HL-L | Aerial lime + Hydraulic lime | Sand | 20 °C and 50% RH |
ACL/HL-C | Aerial lime + Hydraulic lime | Sand | 20 °C and 95% RH |
ACL/PP-L | Aerial lime | Sand + Crushed rock powder | 20 °C and 50% RH |
ACL/PP-C | Aerial lime | Sand + Crushed rock powder | 20 °C and 95% RH |
ASPL/PP-L | Lime putty | Sand + Crushed rock powder | 20 °C and 50% RH |
ASPL/PP-C | Lime putty | Sand + Crushed rock powder | 20 °C and 95% RH |
Mortar Series | Flow Value (mm) | Flow Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
ASPL | 150 | 50 |
ACL/HL | 150 | 50 |
ACL/PP | 155 | 55 |
ASPL/PP | 145 | 45 |
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Branco, F.G.; Belgas, M.d.L.; Mendes, C.; Pereira, L.; Ortega, J.M. Characterization of Fresh and Durability Properties of Different Lime Mortars for Being Used as Masonry Coatings in the Restoration of Ancient Constructions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4909. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094909
Branco FG, Belgas MdL, Mendes C, Pereira L, Ortega JM. Characterization of Fresh and Durability Properties of Different Lime Mortars for Being Used as Masonry Coatings in the Restoration of Ancient Constructions. Sustainability. 2021; 13(9):4909. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094909
Chicago/Turabian StyleBranco, Fernando G., Maria de Lurdes Belgas, Cátia Mendes, Luís Pereira, and José Marcos Ortega. 2021. "Characterization of Fresh and Durability Properties of Different Lime Mortars for Being Used as Masonry Coatings in the Restoration of Ancient Constructions" Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4909. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094909