Wood from Forest Residues: Technological Properties and Potential Uses of Branches of Three Species from Brazilian Amazon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Material
2.2. Physical Properties
2.3. Mechanical Properties
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Physical Properties
3.2. Mechanical Properties
4. Discussion
4.1. Physical Properties
4.2. Mechanical Properties
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Variable | Branch | Stem | T Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g.cm−3) | |||||
Hymenaea courbaril | Mean (min.–max.) CV | ρ12% | 0.929 (0.822–1.005) 5.41% | 0.949 ns (0.887–1.042) 4.69% | 0.1455 |
ρbas | 0.805 (0.715–0.872) 5.54% | 0.826 ns (0.775–0.903) 4.22% | 0.06859 | ||
Dipteryx odorata | Mean (min.–max.) CV | ρ12% | 1.098 (0.991–1.221) 6.21% | 1.100 ns (1.034–1.198) 4.91% | 0.8816 |
ρbas | 0.941 (0.843–1.059) 7.27% | 0.964 ns (0.907–1.032) 4.21% | 0.3563 | ||
Hymenolobium petraeum | Mean (min.–max.) CV | ρ12% | 0.712 (0.567–0.894) 14.16% | 0.777 * (0.706–0.816) 5.45% | 0.03516 |
ρbas | 0.596 (0.483–0.739) 13.67% | 0.648 * (0.588–0.682) 5.52% | 0.03917 |
Shrinkage (%) | CA | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tangential | Radial | Axial | Volumetric | |||||||
Species | B | S | B | S | B | S | B | S | B | S |
Hymenaea courbaril | 4.37 | 4.96 ns | 2.26 | 2.02 * | 0.25 | 0.21 ns | 6.58 | 8.36 ns | 1.99 | 2.49 * |
Dipteryx odorata | 5.90 | 5.59 ns | 4.98 | 3.58 * | 0.20 | 0.17 ns | 10.80 | 9.12 ns | 1.23 | 1.62 * |
Hymenolobium petraeum | 5.18 | 7.04 * | 3.55 | 4.57 * | 0.22 | 0.17 ns | 8.70 | 11.44 * | 1.49 | 1.54 ns |
Species | fc0 (MPa) | fv0 (MPa) | fM (MPa) | EM0 (GPa) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | S | B | S | B | S | B | S | ||
Hymenaea courbaril | Mean CV | 85.02 14% | 94.25 * 16% | 19.23 17% | 18.23 ns 18% | 107.73 24% | 157.72 * 21% | 11.43 28% | 18.82 * 20% |
Dipteryx odorata | Mean CV | 89.21 13% | 91.04 ns 8% | 17.87 14% | 16.68 ns 10% | 150.86 22% | 165.74 ns 13% | 19.27 15% | 19.19 ns 8% |
Hymenolobium petraeum | Mean CV | 48.30 18% | 65.05 * 12% | 14.65 29% | 13.49 ns 18% | 63.88 43% | 90.34 * 9% | 7.35 51% | 13.83 * 11% |
Species | fHc (kN) | fHt (kN) | fHr (kN) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | S | B | S | B | S | ||
Hymenaea courbaril | Mean CV | 14 12% | 16.70 * 17% | 11.20 17% | 16.40 * 18% | 12.40 13% | 16.60 * 21% |
Dipteryx odorata | Mean CV | 13.21 12% | 12.06 * 6% | 12.96 15% | 14.14 * 3% | 13.05 17% | 12.84 * 14% |
Hymenolobium petraeum | Mean CV | 8.45 16% | 7.84 ns 3% | 6.20 36% | 5.55 ns 9% | 6.39 35% | 6.38 ns 7% |
Species | Source | fc0k (MPa) | Class |
---|---|---|---|
Hymenaea courbaril | Branch | 71.849 | C60 |
Dipteryx odorata | Branch | 79.328 | C60 |
Hymenolobium petraeum | Branch | 38.948 | C30 |
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Moreira, L.d.S.; Andrade, F.W.C.; Balboni, B.M.; Moutinho, V.H.P. Wood from Forest Residues: Technological Properties and Potential Uses of Branches of Three Species from Brazilian Amazon. Sustainability 2022, 14, 11176. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811176
Moreira LdS, Andrade FWC, Balboni BM, Moutinho VHP. Wood from Forest Residues: Technological Properties and Potential Uses of Branches of Three Species from Brazilian Amazon. Sustainability. 2022; 14(18):11176. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811176
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoreira, Letícia da Silva, Fernando Wallase Carvalho Andrade, Bruno Monteiro Balboni, and Victor Hugo Pereira Moutinho. 2022. "Wood from Forest Residues: Technological Properties and Potential Uses of Branches of Three Species from Brazilian Amazon" Sustainability 14, no. 18: 11176. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811176