1. Introduction
The community evolution is the most critical cornerstone for national, essential, comprehensive and long-term construction in social welfare to cultivate the developmental consensus of community residents and inspire spontaneous and self-help realization in order to advance the community inhabitants’ life quality, economy, society and culture through a comprehensive contribution of manpower, material and financial resources. Therefore, the Taiwanese government has commenced to institute, announce and administer the Rural Rejuvenation Act to facilitate sustainability, revitalization and rejuvenation, to improve economic production infrastructure, to conserve natural ecology and culture development, to upgrade inhabitants’ life quality, as well as to construct new residents’ prosperity and beauty for the entirety Taiwanese communities [
1]. In order to promote the various activities, to improve community organizations, to foster community talents and to push ahead social benefits, the Taiwanese government has invested approximately NTD 1.2 billion from 2017 to 2020 to encourage the entire Taiwanese communities (6823 communities in 2021) to develop and strive for diversified activities in community centers (3765 community centers) in order to concretely satisfy the community inhabitant’s requests and demands according to the 2021 administrative report of the Executive Yuan. Significantly, the core establishing purpose of community development is to strive for advancing the community evolution and implementing community constructions. As a result, the competent government authority (Executive Yuan Agriculture Committee, Executive Yuan) has commenced to not only institute the complete managerial organization of community development association for the entirety of Taiwanese communities but also regularize a series of community-developing measures for community development associations [
2]. These measures are:
- (1)
Effectively agglomerating the consensus and centripetal force of community residents: community development associations have to conduct diversified activities, such as life-skill training, personal growth courses, healthy advancement lectures, community press and publications, local folk arts, community social benefit achievements and so on, in order to condense inhabitants; consensus, promote life quality, achieve friends and neighbors and strengthen the interactivity of community residents [
3];
- (2)
Concretely installing community centers: community development association is compulsory to construct the community facilities, equipment and centers to provide a platform for various activities, including studying and training courses for children, youth, women and elders, resting and get-togethers and public social benefit building programs, in order to strengthen the comprehensive service functions of community centers to provide for the entire community’s inhabitants [
4];
- (3)
Aggressively actuating volunteer services: according to the 2021 official statistics and the investigation of the government competent authority (Executive Yuan Agriculture Committee, Executive Yuan), there are approximately 132,356 volunteers offering to contribute their efforts; in total, there 5715 community groups in Taiwanese [
5]. Hence, the majority of community development associations have been encouraging and recruiting retired elders, aggressive young students and leisure housewives to organize all of sorts of volunteer groups based on each personal specialty, preference and interest in order to roll forward various community activities, comprehending a basic community investigation and survey, caring visits for underprivileged groups, environmental finishing, mutual help and protections, etc. [
6]. Specifically, community development associations not only hold some professional and growth courses for the current staff and volunteers but also create some interesting activities and courses to attract potential residents to be community volunteers [
7];
- (4)
Aggressively promoting social benefit communization: continuously fulfilling autonomous, vital, happy and sustainable community essence; community development associations must commit to advancing residents’ localization and accessible, acceptable and popular benefits in order to confront low birthrate and ageing population issues in communities [
8];
- (5)
Actively expanding social service capacity: in order to solve the ageing population issue and respond to the up-and-coming benefit demands, the Taiwanese government has supplied subsidies and grants, and then assisted 262 community centers to provide long-term care services and disaster prevention service bases through construction, repair, restoration and renovation methods;
- (6)
Complete intercommunity mutual aid mechanism: in terms of the completion of intercommunity and interdisciplinary social benefit services in current Taiwanese communities and community development associations, the Taiwanese government has administered and implemented the Flagship Welfare Community Project to completely form the comprehensive social benefit service networks, which cover cross-region communities through a series of community connections of mutual aid mechanisms [
9].
Taking the up-and-coming residents’ demands and environment protection awareness that is on the rise into consideration, the Taiwanese government has encouraged community organization and community development associations to directly advocate for human happiness and pleasure concepts to be the main consideration for community sustainable development trends and orientations after the recent booming economic and industrial development in communities [
10]. As a result, beyond the balance consideration between the economic and industrial growth and sustainable development in current Taiwanese communities, scholars and researchers have commenced to take the question of “how to provide the most effective and efficient development strategy for the contemporary community development association to achieve the highest sustainability?” to be researched in the mainstream of community development relative research fields [
11,
12]. In addition, the most critical element to advance community development is a community’s residents and tourists. Therefore, based on the relative research on the latest residents’ and tourists’ behaviors, the lifestyles of health and sustainability (“LOHAS”) have been a mainstream research doctrine (“LOHASism”) [
13] in the current organization and development of relative research fields. The reason is that the most different point between LOHASism residents and tourists and traditional residents and tourists is that the LOHASism consumers pay more attentions to self-health and environment protection duties than the price value and product quality in their purchasing and trading processes and decisions regarding community transactions. Because, in light of LOHASism consumption and behaviors, there are more people willing to be LOHASism residents and tourists, considering self-health, environment protection and social responsibility and sustainability. LOHASism is also kind of a revival lifestyle of the past, and the majority of LOHASism’s followers use the natural, healthy, exquisite and amenable attitude of self-sufficient life origin. There are three core principles in LOHASism, and these are: (1) Dogood: all activities and actions have to consider environmental protection and sustainability [
14]; (2) Feelgood: the majority of LOHASism is about keeping pleasure and happiness in one’s life origin for confronting all happenings in one’s life to keep sustainable health and peace: and (3) Lookgood: each LOHASism follower not only is good-looking in outward appearance but also possesses long-term health in their inner center. Subsequently, LOHASism has been involved in not only the contemporary consumers’ minds but also the majority of community’s inhabitants because the environment, life and even the entire community society is going to become better and better beyond LOHASism’s inspirations into more and more consumers and community residents. LOHASism is actively positive for most communities and community development associations in Taiwan.
However, after making a series of various LOHASism surveys [
15,
16,
17], the concrete evaluation and practice research of the abstractive LOHASism have always been a difficult research gap in the organization’s development of relative research fields. For this reason, taking the sustainable development strategy in communities and community development associations into consideration, this research creatively cross-employs the sustainable development model of the environment, society and governance (“ESG”) [
18] to measure the influenced availability of LOHASism in the sustainable development strategies for community and community development associations because ESG is the contemporarily concrete measured model to evaluate the abstractive sustainable implementation concept of organization development. Based on the United Nations Global Compact official announcement in 2004, the government (E) [
19] aspect focuses on the environment protection themes, including the environmental contaminations in air, water and land, energy recycling, living creature diversification, green package, delivering green conveyance, lowering carbon production, etc. Subsequently, the society (S) [
20] aspect centralizes the social responsibilities, such as community relations, human rights and benefits, people’s consensus, communion, co-prosperity, public health and happiness. Thirdly, the governance (G) aspect centralizes the governance performance, covering organization operation effectiveness and efficiency, supply management, customer relationship management, organization profit rate, human resource management, production management, marketing management, finance management, research and development management, etc.
Extraordinarily, in order to enforce the organization’s public sustainability, this research has further applied the SDGs is the particular measured indicators to estimate the sustainable development of the abstractive notion of the social responsibility of community development associations through 17 core sustainable indexes, because the 17 SDGs’ evaluated sustainable indexes [
21] have been applied and categorized into the intensive and extensive appraisements of the sustainable effectiveness and influence of LOHASism in communities and community development associations in order to discuss the question “How to provide the most effective and efficient development strategy for the contemporary community development associations to achieve the community sustainability?” in depth in the context of the sustainable development of current communities and community development association related research fields. Based on the reciprocal determinism in SCT theory, there are three interactive relationships in reciprocal determinism. These relationships are: (1) The person’ self-influences (individualism—community’s residents) directly impact the culture and invisible things of organization and impression and developing trends of society; on the contrary, organizations and societies are also indirectly impacted by persons characteristics, self-thoughts and self-actions, because the person is the basic unit for constructing organizations and society. Second, the organizational outcomes (organizationalism—community and community development association) affirmatively influence persons’ characteristics, self-thoughts and self-actions and developing trends of society; oppositely, persons’ characteristics, self-thoughts and self-actions and developing trends of society are also oblique to being influenced by the organization outcomes, because organizations are an existing part of the entire society. Lastly, society effects (socailizationism—community public consumers and tourists) are diametric to affect persons’ characteristics, self-thoughts and self-actions and the culture and invisible things of organizations; in the reverse, the person and organization are eventually influenced by the developing trends of society because the entire society is the aggregate of persons and organizations. Then, in particular, in terms of the core principles of LOHSASism, the Dogood (“D”) principle of LOHASism is to focus on the personal environment protection concepts and behaviors, which are obviously able to belong to the individualism perspective of SCT and the environment protection duty (E) of ESG. Subsequently, the Lookgood (“L”) principle of LOHASism is to centralize the institutional interests and duties for belonging for persons and entire societies, which are apparently able to be categorized as the organizationism perspective of SCT and governance performance (G) of EGS. Ultimately, the Feelgood (“F”) principle of LOHASism concentrates public health and hygiene, complete benefits and social responsibilities, which are clearly able to be categorized as socializationism in SCT and the society responsibility (S) aspect of ESG. Specifically, this research deeply and comprehensively assayed the sustainable development strategy in communities, and each community is a miniature of the entire society [
22]. Materially, the 17 SDG sustainable indexes have been internationally recognized as sustainable indicators and, therefore, this research firstly categorized the 17 SDG sustainable indexes into the analytical dimensions (environmental–social–governance) of ESG in order to induce the most effective and efficient development strategy for the contemporary community development associations.
Eventually, this research innovatively cross-employed the three most brief analytical perspectives (individualism, organizationism and socializationism) of Social Cognition Theory (“SCT”) [
23] and the 17 evaluated sustainable indexes of the SDGs to interdisciplinarily assay, and in-depth assay, the interplays and interactive dependences between the three behavioral principles (Dogood, Feelgood and Lookgood) of LOHASism and the three sustainable dimensions (environment, society and governance) of ESG in community development relative research fields in order to establish the evaluated reciprocal determinism model to solve the main research question as shown in
Figure 1 [
24,
25].
For enhancing the research exactness and accuracy [
26,
27], not only the factor analysis (“FA”) of quantitative analysis was applied for assaying the weighted measurements of large-scale questionnaires for higher research validity and representativeness [
28] but also the analytical network process (“ANP”) of qualitative analysis for executing the weighted evaluation of expert’s questionnaires for higher research reliability and faithfulness [
29]. The reason the FA of quantitative analysis was created to refine the appraised factors, and identify the communality among each other appraised factor through the large-scale questionnaires and ANP of qualitative analysis, was induced was to clarify the influenced weights among each other appraised factor through the expertise of a questionnaire matrix. Significantly, quantitative and qualitative analyses have been able to comprehensively discuss and assay in depth the interplays and dependences between the analytical dimensions (environmental–social–governance) of ESG and the 17 SDG sustainable indexes in the Dogood of LOHASism’s personal aspect—community’s residents (Individialsim), the Lookgood of LOHASism’s community aspect—community’s residents (Organizationism) and the Feelgood of LOHASism’s public aspect—community public consumers and tourists (Socializationism).