Can Safety Leadership Be an Antidote in the COVID-19 Fear of Job Insecurity and the Work Engagement Relationship in the Norwegian Service Industry? A Moderated-Mediation Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Development
2.1. COVID-19 Fear and Work Engagement
2.2. COVID-19 Fear and Job Insecurity
2.3. Job Insecurity and Work Engagement
2.4. Job Insecurity as a Mediator
2.5. Moderating Role of Safety Leadership
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Sample and Data Collection
3.2. Measurements
3.3. Data Analysis
3.3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.3.2. Data Analysis
3.3.3. Measurement Model
3.3.4. Test of the Hypotheses
4. Discussion and Conclusions
5. Research Implications
5.1. Theoretical Implications
5.2. Managerial Implications
6. Limitations and Avenues for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model | χ2 | df | Δχ2 | Δdf | RMSEA | CFI | SRMR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4-Factor Model | 1052.77 | 763 | - | - | 0.029 | 0.97 | 0.0321 |
3-Factor Model (a) | 1656.42 | 766 | 603.65 | 3 | 0.064 | 0.93 | 0.0488 |
1-Factor Model (b) | 4183.422 | 769 | 2526.88 | 3 | 0.112 | 0.72 | 0.0952 |
Variables | Mean | SD | CR | α | AVE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | COVFE | 2.38 | 0.753 | 0.915 | 0.96 | 0.593 | (0.770) | |||
2 | JINS | 2.32 | 0.827 | 0.882 | 0.95 | 0.727 | 0.319 ** | (0.852) | ||
3 | WE | 3.76 | 0.668 | 0.976 | 0.92 | 0.506 | −0.202 ** | 0.206 ** | (0.711) | |
4 | SLEAD | 3.96 | 0.604 | 0.952 | 0.97 | 0.526 | −0.300 ** | −0.050 | 0.174 ** | (0.725) |
Coefficient | SE | Bootstrap 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|
IV to the mediator (a path) | |||
COVFE → JINS | 0.309 ** | 0.057 | |
Mediator to DV (b path) | |||
JINS → WE | −0.206 ** | 0.039 | |
Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | −0.1790 ** | 0.045 | |
Direct effect of IV on DV (ć path) | −0.1343 * | 0.046 | |
Indirect effect of IV on DV through the proposed mediator | |||
COVFE → JINS → WE | −0.0447 | 0.016 | [−0.0848, −0.0143] |
Outcome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | M: Job insecurity-JINS | Y: Work Engagement -WE | ||
Constant | 2.3644 | 4.043 | ||
X: (COVFE) | 0.3537 *** | −0.1343 *** | ||
M: JINS | −0.1210 ** | |||
SLEAD | −0.0405 * | |||
(COVFE) × SLEAD | 0.2551 *** | |||
R2 | 0.1283 | 0.0631 | ||
F | 12.352 *** | 7.4725 *** | ||
Moderator | Index of Moderated Mediation | 95% Confidence Interval (5000 bootstraps) | ||
SLEAD | −0.0309 | −0.0710–0.0083 | ||
Conditional Indirect Effects = Mean ± 1SD | ||||
SLEAD | Bootstrap Indirect Effect | Bootstrap SE | Boot LLCI | Boot ULCI |
−0.8280 | −0.6050 | 0.0145 | −0.0636 | −0.0042 |
0.0000 | −0.0000 | 0.0171 | −0.0850 | −0.0150 |
0.8280 | 0.6050 | 0.0233 | −0.1148 | −0.0214 |
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Unur, M.; Atai, G.; Capkiner, E.; Arasli, H. Can Safety Leadership Be an Antidote in the COVID-19 Fear of Job Insecurity and the Work Engagement Relationship in the Norwegian Service Industry? A Moderated-Mediation Model. Sustainability 2022, 14, 12203. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912203
Unur M, Atai G, Capkiner E, Arasli H. Can Safety Leadership Be an Antidote in the COVID-19 Fear of Job Insecurity and the Work Engagement Relationship in the Norwegian Service Industry? A Moderated-Mediation Model. Sustainability. 2022; 14(19):12203. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912203
Chicago/Turabian StyleUnur, Mert, Guzide Atai, Emel Capkiner, and Huseyin Arasli. 2022. "Can Safety Leadership Be an Antidote in the COVID-19 Fear of Job Insecurity and the Work Engagement Relationship in the Norwegian Service Industry? A Moderated-Mediation Model" Sustainability 14, no. 19: 12203. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912203