Improving Thermoacoustic Low-Temperature Heat Recovery Systems †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Assumptions and Hypothesis
- The TAE works due to the difference in temperature between high- and low-potential energy sources;
- Low-potential sources may have an ambient temperature or lower temperature (cryogenic);
- The energy sources are not connected to the TAE through thermodynamic cycles;
- The energy exchange between the thermoacoustic engine and the energy sources is carried out by means of external systems with intermediate heat carriers;
- The load of the TAE can be electric generators or thermoacoustic machines of reverse action, namely refrigerators.
2.2. Investigation of Energy Exchange Processes in Low-Temperature TAE
- They organize the heat flow between external energy sources with different temperature potentials;
- However, at the same time, these are vital elements of the heat engine, which form a longitudinal temperature gradient in the matrix.
2.3. Analysis of the Influence of Heat Exchanger Surface Temperature Inhomogeneity on Transformation Processes in TAE
- Secondly, the model uses the integral values of heat exchange coefficients, which is quite acceptable for ordinary recuperators, but in TAE heat exchangers, heat exchange is carried out under the conditions of the initial sections, namely hydrodynamic and thermal conditions, which must be taken into account.
- Provided that the TAE operates in the steady state, the distribution of the temperatures in the elements of the heat exchange unit is stabilized and unchanged;
- Regenerative heat exchangers have a tubular-rib structure, and the liquid in the tubes passes through once;
- The intermediate transport coolants, namely thermal oils and water, move in the tubes of the recuperative heat exchangers;
- The distribution of the temperature field in the TAE matrix is determined by the distribution of temperatures over the outer surfaces of the recuperative heat exchangers;
- Taking into account the high thermal conductivity of the material of the heat exchanger tubes, we believe that the surface temperatures of the tubes in each lumbar section are the same and change only along the length of the tube and are equal to the temperatures of the transport coolers;
- Working fluid—gas that makes oscillation movement across the liquid coolant flow;
- The thermal resistance of each of the heat exchangers, heaters, and coolers determines the heat transfer coefficient on the inner surface of the tubes as a value much lower than the heat exchange coefficient from the outside.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- A principal scheme of a power plant with a thermoacoustic energy saving system, desired for the utilization of low-temperature thermal emissions was proposed, the peculiarity of which consisted of the possibility of converting the waste heat of different potentials in the case of using cryogenic fuels;
- A mathematical model of a power plant with a thermoacoustic energy saving system, which allows for the determination of the effectiveness of the use of a thermoacoustic system for different types of power plants, was synthesized;
- The original mathematical model of the energy exchange processes between the elements of the thermoacoustic core, namely the heat exchangers, the matrix, and the working body, was created. The model makes it possible to determine the influence of the inhomogeneity of the temperature field on the surface of heat exchangers and the characteristics of thermoacoustic engines;
- The application of recuperative heat exchangers with "liquid–gas" types of mechanisms in thermoacoustic systems leads to efficiency losses, associated with both the irreversibility of the heat exchange processes and the formation of temperature heterogeneity in the elements of the thermoacoustic core. It was proved that these losses reduce the potential power of the thermoacoustic installations by 1.1-1.3 times;
- For low-temperature TAEs, it is advisable to apply heat exchangers with high thermal power and even temperatures along the front as evaporators or condensers. It was proved that the recuperative liquid–gas HEX reduces the efficiency of TAEs and their total capacity by 10-35%.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abbreviature | Element |
---|---|
GHG | Greenhouse gas |
ICE | Internal combustion engine |
HEX | Heat exchanger |
SPP | Ship power plants |
TA | Thermoacoustic |
TAE | Thermoacoustic engine |
TAR | Thermoacoustic refrigerator |
TAHM | Thermoacoustic heat machine |
TAC | Thermoacoustic core |
TATG | Thermoacoustic turbo generator |
LNG | Liquid nutrition gas |
LNH3 | Liquid ammonium |
WHRS | Waste heat recovery system |
Coolant, K | Low-Speed Engine | Medium-Speed Engine | Characteristics |
---|---|---|---|
Exhaust gas | 481–530 K | 500–690 | Low temperature |
Charge air | 400–490 | 380–470 | |
Jacket cooling | 355–360 | 360–370 | |
LNG fuel | 111 | Cryogenic | |
LNH3 fuel | 250 |
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Yang, Z.; Korobko, V.; Radchenko, M.; Radchenko, R. Improving Thermoacoustic Low-Temperature Heat Recovery Systems. Sustainability 2022, 14, 12306. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912306
Yang Z, Korobko V, Radchenko M, Radchenko R. Improving Thermoacoustic Low-Temperature Heat Recovery Systems. Sustainability. 2022; 14(19):12306. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912306
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Zongming, Volodymyr Korobko, Mykola Radchenko, and Roman Radchenko. 2022. "Improving Thermoacoustic Low-Temperature Heat Recovery Systems" Sustainability 14, no. 19: 12306. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912306
APA StyleYang, Z., Korobko, V., Radchenko, M., & Radchenko, R. (2022). Improving Thermoacoustic Low-Temperature Heat Recovery Systems. Sustainability, 14(19), 12306. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912306