Red Mud as Adsorbent to Recover Phosphorous from Wastewater Streams
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Red Mud
2.2. Experiments with Model Wastewater
2.3. Experiments with Real Wastewater
3. Results
3.1. Experiments with Synthetic Phosphorous Solution
3.2. Experiments with Real Wastewater
3.2.1. Treatment of SBR Effluent
3.2.2. Treatment of Spiked Municipal Wastewater
3.2.3. Treatment of Landfill Leachate
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | pH | COD | TN | NH4+-N | NO3−-N | NO2−-N | OP | TP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | mg/L | mg/L | mg/L | mg/L | mg/L | mg/L | mg/L | |
SBR effluent | 7.20 | 33 | 25 | 0.10 | 22.22 | 0.01 | 7.23 | 7.62 |
Municipal effluent | 7.71 | 44 | 7 | 0.02 | 5.87 | 0.48 | 0.04/4.98 * | 0.52 |
Landfill leachate | 9.08 | 5 420 | 212 | 17.66 | 16.03 | 0.71 | 11.89 | 17.58 |
Dose № | Multiplier | Calculated Amount of RM (mg) | |
---|---|---|---|
Factor of 2 | Factor of 60 | ||
1 | 1/3 | 13.0 | 389.0 |
2 | 1/2 | 19.5 | 583.5 |
3 | 1 | 38.9 | 1167.1 |
4 | 2 | 77.8 | 2334.1 |
5 | 3 | 116.7 | 3501.2 |
20 min | 24 h | ||
---|---|---|---|
Parameters | a | 3.1075 | 3.3592 |
b | −0.3617 | 0.0458 | |
c | −3.7672 | −4.3354 | |
d | −4.8007 | −4.7560 | |
SSR | 1.72 | 11.50 |
Doses | Results after 20 min | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
RM | HCl | pH | OP | Conductivity |
mg | mmol | - | mg/L | µS/cm |
0.0 | 0.00 | 7.54 | 7.26 | 1597 |
389.5 | 0.13 | 7.12 | 4.30 | 1853 |
583.9 | 0.20 | 7.15 | 0.82 | 2035 |
1167.4 | 0.40 | 7.15 | 0.05 | 2530 |
2334.4 | 0.70 | 7.24 | 0.02 | 3355 |
3501.6 | 1.20 | 7.41 | 0.10 | 4325 |
Doses | Results after 20 min | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
RM | HCl | pH | OP | Conductivity |
mg | mmol | - | mg/L | µS/cm |
0 | 0 | 7.79 | 4.98 | 1405 |
195.6 | 0.065 | 7.61 | 4.40 | 1485 |
293.3 | 0.100 | 7.52 | 3.84 | 1525 |
582.9 | 0.200 | 7.41 | 2.57 | 1706 |
1168.2 | 0.350 | 7.53 | 0.91 | 2075 |
1751.7 | 0.600 | 7.01 | 0.05 | 2635 |
Doses | After 20 min Mixing | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
RM | HCl | pH | OP | Conductivity |
mg | mmol | - | mg/L | mS/cm |
0 | 0 | 9.08 | 11.89 | 17.83 |
389.02 | 18 | 8.20 | 10.41 | 24.33 |
1167.06 | 18 | 8.09 | 4.36 | 25.20 |
2334.13 | 18 | 8.14 | 1.64 | 26.33 |
3501.19 | 18 | 8.12 | 0.57 | 27.50 |
4668.24 | 18 | 8.00 | 0.46 | 28.13 |
Langmuir | Freundlich | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | qs mg/g | KL L/mg | α | R2 | n | KF | α | |
Synthetic P solution | 0.995 | 4.155 | 1.931 | 0.0002 | 0.977 | 2.070 | 2.307 | 0.0015 |
Spiked municipal ww * | 0.997 | 0.800 | 21.639 | 0.0017 | 0.938 | 11.794 | 0.720 | 0.0316 |
SBR effluent | 0.990 | 1.546 | 35.383 | 0.0004 | 0.399 | 5.275 | 1.385 | 0.2530 |
Landfill leachate * | 0.988 | 0.313 | 0.992 | 0.0060 | 0.964 | 2.544 | 0.145 | 0.0184 |
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Somogyi, V.; Pitás, V.; Berta, K.M.; Kurdi, R. Red Mud as Adsorbent to Recover Phosphorous from Wastewater Streams. Sustainability 2022, 14, 13202. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013202
Somogyi V, Pitás V, Berta KM, Kurdi R. Red Mud as Adsorbent to Recover Phosphorous from Wastewater Streams. Sustainability. 2022; 14(20):13202. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013202
Chicago/Turabian StyleSomogyi, Viola, Viktória Pitás, Kinga M. Berta, and Róbert Kurdi. 2022. "Red Mud as Adsorbent to Recover Phosphorous from Wastewater Streams" Sustainability 14, no. 20: 13202. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013202