Modeling the Sustainable Educational Process for Pupils from Vulnerable Groups in Critical Situations: COVID-19 Context in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. The Research Design
3.2. Sample
3.3. Instrument for Data Collection
3.4. Procedure and Ethics
3.5. Data Analysis Techniques
4. Results
4.1. The Attitude of Teachers towards Achievements of Vulnerable Groups of Pupils during Contact and Remote Learning in the Context of COVID-19
4.2. Latent Factors of the Inclusive Education Process
4.3. The Impact of Latent Factors of Inclusive Education Modeling on Vulnerable Groups of Pupils’ Achievements That Match Their Abilities during Contact and Remote Learning in the Baltic States
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Lithuania | Latvia | Estonia | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length of Service | Frequency (n) | % | Frequency (n) | % | Frequency (n) | % |
1–5 | 21 | 3.26 | 107 | 26.10 | 44 | 11.67 |
6–10 | 27 | 4.19 | 44 | 10.73 | 40 | 10.61 |
11–15 | 37 | 5.74 | 38 | 9.27 | 38 | 10.08 |
16–20 | 57 | 8.84 | 35 | 8.54 | 41 | 10.88 |
>21 | 503 | 77.98 | 186 | 45.37 | 214 | 56.76 |
City | 398 | 61.71 | 334 | 81.46 | 256 | 67.90 |
Village | 247 | 38.29 | 76 | 18.54 | 121 | 32.10 |
Groups of Statements | Number of Statements | Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient | |
---|---|---|---|
Section A | Compliance of pupils’ achievements with their abilities | 3 | 0.857 |
Section B | Practices of inclusive education | 21 | 0.927 |
Section C | Use of digital technologies | 17 | 0.907 |
Section D | Identification of learning barriers | 7 | 0.802 |
Goodness of Fit Index | CMIN (χ2) | χ2/df | CFI | IFI | TLI | GFI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value: Lithuania_contact | 1158.348 | 2.015 | 0.946 | 0.946 | 0.941 | 0.901 | 0.042 |
Value: Lithuania_remote | 962.712 | 1.891 | 0.955 | 0.956 | 0.951 | 0.906 | 0.040 |
Value: Latvia_contact | 707.851 | 1.843 | 0.938 | 0.939 | 0.930 | 0.899 | 0.047 |
Value: Latvia_remote | 624.797 | 1.871 | 0.939 | 0.940 | 0.931 | 0.900 | 0.048 |
Value: Estonia_contact | 516.094 | 2.008 | 0.927 | 0.928 | 0.914 | 0.898 | 0.054 |
Value: Estonia_remote | 616.373 | 1.995 | 0.922 | 0.923 | 0.911 | 0.897 | 0.054 |
Goodness of Fit Index | CMIN (χ2) | χ2/df | CFI | IFI | TLI | GFI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value: Lithuania_contact | 18.451 | 1.419 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 0.993 | 0.027 |
Value: Lithuania_remote | 12.234 | 1.223 | 0.998 | 0.999 | 0.997 | 0.995 | 0.020 |
Goodness of Fit Index | CMIN (χ2) | χ2/df | CFI | IFI | TLI | GFI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value: Latvia_contact | 59.408 | 4.570 | 0.998 | 0.998 | 0.996 | 0.993 | 0.086 |
Value: Latvia_remote | 9.067 | 1.133 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.998 | 0.994 | 0.019 |
Goodness of Fit Index | CMIN (χ2) | χ2/df | CFI | IFI | TLI | GFI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value: Estonia_contact | 53.269 | 5.105 | 0.956 | 0.957 | 0.906 | 0.948 | 0.084 |
Value: Estonia_remote | 66.373 | 1.195 | 0.922 | 0.923 | 0.911 | 0.903 | 0.054 |
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Galkienė, A.; Monkevičienė, O.; Kaminskienė, L.; Krikštolaitis, R.; Käsper, M.; Ivanova, I. Modeling the Sustainable Educational Process for Pupils from Vulnerable Groups in Critical Situations: COVID-19 Context in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1748. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031748
Galkienė A, Monkevičienė O, Kaminskienė L, Krikštolaitis R, Käsper M, Ivanova I. Modeling the Sustainable Educational Process for Pupils from Vulnerable Groups in Critical Situations: COVID-19 Context in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Sustainability. 2022; 14(3):1748. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031748
Chicago/Turabian StyleGalkienė, Alvyra, Ona Monkevičienė, Lina Kaminskienė, Ričardas Krikštolaitis, Maile Käsper, and Ilze Ivanova. 2022. "Modeling the Sustainable Educational Process for Pupils from Vulnerable Groups in Critical Situations: COVID-19 Context in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia" Sustainability 14, no. 3: 1748. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031748