A Water Footprint Management Construct in Agri-Food Supply Chains: A Content Validity Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Item Identification
3.2. Experts Selection
3.3. Items’ Assessment
4. Results
5. Discussions
Contributions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stages of the Content Validity Process | Details |
---|---|
Item identification |
|
Expert selection |
|
Items’ assessment |
|
ID | Candidate Measurement Item | Reference |
---|---|---|
WF1 | Our company promotes and adopts global standards for water footprint accounting and assessment | [3] |
WF2 | Our company promotes water accounting over the whole supply chain, cooperating with others along the supply chain to be able to produce full accounts for final products | |
WF3 | Our company reports water-related efforts, targets and progress made in annual sustainability report, also covering the supply chain. | |
WF4 | Our company reduces the risk of pollution, avoiding or minimizing the use of substances in products that may be harmful when reaching the water | |
WF5 | Our company compensates downstream users that are affected by intensive upstream water use in the catchment where the company’s (residual) water footprint is located. | |
WF6 | Our company establishes agreements on reduction targets for water use with suppliers. | |
WF7 | Our company shifts to other supplier when they do not agree to water footprint standards. | |
WF8 | Our company would be willing to change its business model in order to incorporate or get better control over the supply chain in terms of water footprint reduction. | |
WF9 | Our company prioritizes the cultivation of crops requiring less water | [30] |
WF10 | Our company has converted conventional crops into organic crops | |
WF11 | Our company selects and collaborates with water-friendly partners | |
WF12 | Our company establishes water auditing and control systems | |
WF13 | Our company invests in water-efficient technologies | |
WF14 | Our company carries out campaigns for raising consumer awareness about water consumption reduction. | |
WF15 | Our company develops water stewardship programs | [39] |
WF16 | Our company sets targets to manage freshwater resources efficiently | |
WF17 | Our company integrates responsible water use into their business strategy (excluded) | |
WF18 | Our company adopts techniques and processes to enhance water retention in the soil. | [44] |
WF19 | Our company reuses and recycles wastewater | |
WF20 | Our company conducts integrated water assurance assessment of the supply chain. | [7] |
WF21 | Our company identifies the local water risks | |
WF22 | Our company embeds water stewardship into the corporate strategy | |
WF23 | Our company engages with various stakeholders for water stewardship |
Categories | Number of Experts |
---|---|
Education | |
Bachelor’s degree | 1 |
Master’s degree | 6 |
Doctor’s degree | 1 |
Position | |
CEO/Director | 4 |
Manager/Coordinator | 4 |
WF familiarity/knowledge | |
High | 6 |
Average | 2 |
ID | Relevance | Clarity | Essentiality | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I-CVI | Kappa | Aiken’s V | I-CVI | Kappa | Aiken’s V | I-CVI | Kappa | Aiken’s V | CVR | |
WF1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.75 |
WF2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.63 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.75 |
WF3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.69 | −0.25 |
WF4 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.75 |
WF5 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.79 | 0.50 | 0.31 | 0.63 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.56 | −0.25 |
WF6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.50 |
WF7 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.50 | 0.31 | 0.69 | 0.00 |
WF8 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.75 | 0.50 |
WF9 | 0.63 | 0.52 | 0.58 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.50 | 0.31 | 0.69 | 0.00 |
WF10 | 0.63 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.25 | −0.75 |
WF11 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.63 | −0.25 |
WF12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
WF13 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
WF14 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.69 | −0.25 |
WF15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 0.50 |
WF16 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 0.63 | 0.52 | 0.69 | 0.50 | 0.31 | 0.69 | 0.00 |
WF18 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.50 |
WF19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.75 |
WF20 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.63 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.69 | −0.25 |
WF21 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.75 |
WF22 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.50 |
WF23 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.63 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.50 |
ID | Measurement Item Description |
---|---|
WF1 | Our company promotes and adopts national and global standards for water footprint accounting, traceability, and assessment. |
WF2 | Our company promotes the measurement of the water footprint throughout the supply chain, cooperating with partners to be able to generate records of the volume of water used in manufactured products. |
WF4 | Our company implements processes that mitigate the risk of contamination, avoiding or minimizing the use of substances (metals, pesticides, fertilizers, etc.) in products that may be polluting for water. |
WF12 | Our company establishes water auditing and control systems |
WF13 | Our company invests in water-efficient technologies. |
WF19 | Our company reuses and recycles wastewater. |
WF21 | Our company identifies the local risks of its impact on the water supply. |
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Barbosa, M.W.; Cansino, J.M. A Water Footprint Management Construct in Agri-Food Supply Chains: A Content Validity Analysis. Sustainability 2022, 14, 4928. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094928
Barbosa MW, Cansino JM. A Water Footprint Management Construct in Agri-Food Supply Chains: A Content Validity Analysis. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):4928. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094928
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbosa, Marcelo Werneck, and José M. Cansino. 2022. "A Water Footprint Management Construct in Agri-Food Supply Chains: A Content Validity Analysis" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 4928. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094928