From Landscapes to Bonds: Exploring the Influencing Mechanism of Community Parks on Social Integration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- What are the factors of urban community parks that influence social integration?
- How does urban community parks affect social integration through multiple factors?
2. Theoretical Analysis and Hypotheses
2.1. Literature Review
2.1.1. Social Integration: A Subjective Process of Two-Way Interaction
2.1.2. Affective Effects of Individuals: Landscape Perception, Destination Loyalty and Place Attachment
2.2. Theoretical Hypothesis
3. Data and Methodology
3.1. Questionnaire Design
3.2. Study Area and Sample
3.3. Data Analysis
3.4. Results
3.4.1. Measurement Model
3.4.2. Structural Model Fit
3.4.3. Hypothesis Testing Analysis
3.4.4. Results of Model Hypothesis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Enlightenment
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scale | Items |
---|---|
Landscape perception (LP) | LP1: This community park has a nature quality |
LP2: The green space in this community park is open and comfortable | |
LP3: Easy access to this community park | |
LP4: It is safe to walk in this community park | |
Place attachment (PA) | PA1: I am very attached to this community park |
PA2: This community park means a lot to me | |
PA3: I enjoy recreating at this community park more than any others | |
PA4: I have a lot of fond memories about this community park | |
Destination loyalty (DL) | DL1: I love this community park more than other places |
DL2: I consider here to be my first recreation choice | |
DL3: I almost take up my total leisure time in this community park | |
DL4: I intend to continue staying here and recommend others to here | |
Social integration (SI) | SI1: People around here are willing to help their neighbors |
SI2: Migrants and local residents of this community are closely connected | |
SI3: People in this neighborhood can be trusted | |
SI4: Migrants and local residents of this community share the same values |
Characteristic | Description | Percentage (%) | Characteristic | Description | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Migrants | yes | 54.4 | Career status | Employed (including temporary work) | 57.9 |
no | 45.6 | Unemployed | 9.7 | ||
Age cohort | ≤18 | 1.5 | Retired | 15.7 | |
18–25 | 25.6 | Student | 16.7 | ||
26–30 | 14.6 | Monthly income | ≤3000 | 27.1 | |
31–40 | 20.4 | 3001–5000 | 22.1 | ||
41–50 | 14.2 | 5001–7000 | 23.1 | ||
51–60 | 10.8 | 7001–9000 | 12.4 | ||
>60 | 12.9 | 9001–11,000 | 5.4 | ||
Education level | Elementary school | 6.1 | ≥11,001 | 9.9 | |
Junior high school | 13.4 | Gender | Male | 50.4 | |
High school or secondary technical school | 23.6 | Female | 49.6 | ||
College or university | 43.5 | ||||
Master and above | 13.4 |
Variable | Items | Cronbach’α | KMO | CR | AVE | Std. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Landscape perception | LP1 | 0.809 | 0.788 | 0.818 | 0.534 | 0.835 |
LP2 | 0.792 | |||||
LP3 | 0.653 | |||||
LP4 | 0.619 | |||||
Destination loyalty | DL1 | 0.791 | 0.825 | 0.792 | 0.489 | 0.656 |
DL2 | 0.661 | |||||
DL3 | 0.715 | |||||
DL4 | 0.759 | |||||
Place attachment | PA1 | 0.876 | 0.787 | 0.880 | 0.649 | 0.860 |
PA2 | 0.852 | |||||
PA3 | 0.809 | |||||
PA4 | 0.689 | |||||
Social integration | SI1 | 0.863 | 0.807 | 0.877 | 0.649 | 0.887 |
SI2 | 0.899 | |||||
SI3 | 0.837 | |||||
SI4 | 0.548 |
Parameter | Estimate | Bias-Corrected 95% Confidence Interval | Percentile 95% Confidence Interval | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | P | Lower | Upper | P | ||
Path H7 | 0.156 | 0.058 | 0.288 | 0.002 | 0.042 | 0.264 | 0.005 |
Path H8 | 0.801 | 0.557 | 1.173 | 0.001 | 0.549 | 1.158 | 0.001 |
Path H9 | 0.168 | 0.053 | 0.294 | 0.008 | 0.056 | 0.296 | 0.007 |
Total indirect effect | 1.124 | 0.866 | 1.507 | 0.001 | 0.859 | 1.494 | 0.001 |
Model Hypothesis | Accept/Reject |
---|---|
H1: Landscape perception is positively related to place attachment | Accept |
H2: Landscape perception is positively related to destination loyalty | Accept |
H3: Landscape perception is positively related to social integration | Reject |
H4: Destination loyalty is positively related to social integration | Accept |
H5: Place attachment is positively related to social integration | Accept |
H6: Destination loyalty is positively related to place attachment | Accept |
H7: Destination loyalty has a mediation effect between landscape perception and social integration | Accept |
H8: Place attachment has a mediation effect between landscape perception and social integration | Accept |
H9: Destination loyalty and place attachment have a chain mediation effect between landscape perception and social integration | Accept |
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Hu, J.; Ying, J.; Zhang, Y.; Shen, Y.; Wu, X. From Landscapes to Bonds: Exploring the Influencing Mechanism of Community Parks on Social Integration. Sustainability 2023, 15, 8065. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108065
Hu J, Ying J, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wu X. From Landscapes to Bonds: Exploring the Influencing Mechanism of Community Parks on Social Integration. Sustainability. 2023; 15(10):8065. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108065
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Jinwen, Jun Ying, Yiqi Zhang, Yamei Shen, and Xiaohua Wu. 2023. "From Landscapes to Bonds: Exploring the Influencing Mechanism of Community Parks on Social Integration" Sustainability 15, no. 10: 8065. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108065