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Sustainability
Volume 15
Issue 10
10.3390/su15108428
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Article

Development of a Watershed Sustainability Index for the Santiago River Basin, Mexico

by
Iyelitzin Núñez-Razo
1,
José de Anda
2,*,
Héctor Barrios-Piña
1,*,
Luis Alberto Olvera-Vargas
2,
Mariana García-Ruíz-García
3 and
Sofía Hernández-Morales
4
1
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
2
CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Guadalajara 44270, JAL, Mexico
3
Institute for Management & Innovation, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
4
Gobierno de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44190, JAL, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2023, 15(10), 8428; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108428
Submission received: 28 March 2023 / Revised: 22 April 2023 / Accepted: 8 May 2023 / Published: 22 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Water Management)
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Abstract

Sustainability indices are a way of quantifying the progress that a certain region has achieved in terms of sustainability that can be transmitted to society and decision makers. The watershed approach has become relevant for managing water resources and ensuring their sustainability. This study combined the above two approaches by applying an adapted watershed sustainability index (WSI) to evaluate the sustainable development of the Santiago–Guadalajara River basin (SGRB), which passes through Guadalajara, the second-most populous city in Mexico. The river is the most polluted waterway in the country. The WSI of each sub-basin places the SGRB at a sustainability level between low in the upper and lower basin region and intermediate in the central basin region. Regions with a low sustainability level are characterized by environmental degradation due to changes in land use, while in the region with intermediate sustainability, the factor that most affect the evaluation is water availability. An overall sustainability score of WSI = 0.36 was obtained for the study area, which is lower than that of any other basins evaluated in the same manner around the world. These results send a clear message to decision makers of the three government levels, in charge of the environmental sustainability of the basin, of the need to take action to facilitate its recovery.
Keywords: watershed sustainability index; Santiago–Guadalajara River basin; human impacts on basins; natural resources preservation; mitigation policies watershed sustainability index; Santiago–Guadalajara River basin; human impacts on basins; natural resources preservation; mitigation policies

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MDPI and ACS Style

Núñez-Razo, I.; de Anda, J.; Barrios-Piña, H.; Olvera-Vargas, L.A.; García-Ruíz-García, M.; Hernández-Morales, S. Development of a Watershed Sustainability Index for the Santiago River Basin, Mexico. Sustainability 2023, 15, 8428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108428

AMA Style

Núñez-Razo I, de Anda J, Barrios-Piña H, Olvera-Vargas LA, García-Ruíz-García M, Hernández-Morales S. Development of a Watershed Sustainability Index for the Santiago River Basin, Mexico. Sustainability. 2023; 15(10):8428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108428

Chicago/Turabian Style

Núñez-Razo, Iyelitzin, José de Anda, Héctor Barrios-Piña, Luis Alberto Olvera-Vargas, Mariana García-Ruíz-García, and Sofía Hernández-Morales. 2023. "Development of a Watershed Sustainability Index for the Santiago River Basin, Mexico" Sustainability 15, no. 10: 8428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108428

APA Style

Núñez-Razo, I., de Anda, J., Barrios-Piña, H., Olvera-Vargas, L. A., García-Ruíz-García, M., & Hernández-Morales, S. (2023). Development of a Watershed Sustainability Index for the Santiago River Basin, Mexico. Sustainability, 15(10), 8428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108428

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