Enhanced Effect of Metal Sulfide Doping (MgS-TiO2) Nanostructure Catalyst on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of MgS-TiO2
2.3. Characterization
2.4. Photocatalytic Experimental Set-Up
2.5. Optimization of Photocatalytic Parameters
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of MgS-TiO2
3.2. Photocatalytic Activity
3.3. Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Methanol
3.4. Optimization of Photocatalytic Parameters
3.5. Effects of Catalyst Recycling
3.6. Proposed Reaction Mechanism
3.7. Comparison with Previous Study
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Magnesium (Mg) Concentration (wt %) | Sulfur (S) Concentration (wt %) |
---|---|---|
ICP-OES | ICP-OES | |
MgS-0 | - | - |
MgS-1 | 0.08 | 0.21 |
MgS-2 | 0.21 | 0.43 |
MgS-3 | 0.35 | 1.42 |
Samples | BET Surface Area (m2/g) | Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Average Pore Size (Å) |
---|---|---|---|
MgS-0 | 96.7 | 0.25 | 89.1 |
MgS-1 | 68.9 | 0.26 | 123 |
MgS-2 | 73.5 | 0.25 | 121 |
MgS-3 | 72.9 | 0.25 | 117 |
Run No. (Zi) | Temperature of Reaction (°C) -x1 | Catalyst Loading (%) -x2 | Reaction Time (Hour) -x3 | Methanol Yield (µmol/g·h) Y |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z1 | 26 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 97.2 |
Z2 | 30 | 1.0 | 3 | 67.7 |
Z3 | 30 | 1.0 | 6 | 91.1 |
Z4 | 30 | 0.2 | 3 | 185.3 |
Z5 | 30 | 0.2 | 6 | 136.7 |
Z6 | 40 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 146.1 |
Z7 | 40 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 146.9 |
Z8 | 40 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 120.3 |
Z9 | 40 | 1.2 | 4.5 | 97.0 |
Z10 | 40 | 0.6 | 6.6 | 135.6 |
Z11 | 40 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 131.9 |
Z12 | 40 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 160.6 |
Z13 | 40 | 0.03 | 4.5 | 229.1 |
Z14 | 50 | 0.2 | 3 | 203.0 |
Z15 | 50 | 1.0 | 3 | 112.5 |
Z16 | 50 | 1.0 | 6 | 142.2 |
Z17 | 50 | 0.2 | 6 | 130.2 |
Z18 | 54 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 130.8 |
Model | 25,498.24 | 9 | 2833.14 | 14.73 | 0.0004 |
A-Temperature (x1) | 1988.07 | 1 | 1988.07 | 10.34 | 0.0123 a |
B-Catalyst loading (x2) | 15,315.58 | 1 | 15,315.58 | 79.63 | <0.0001 a |
C-Time (x3) | 892.73 | 1 | 892.73 | 4.64 | 0.0633 b |
AB | 896.59 | 1 | 896.59 | 4.66 | 0.0629 b |
AC | 40.53 | 1 | 40.53 | 0.2107 | 0.6584 b |
BC | 3813 | 1 | 3813 | 19.82 | 0.0021 a |
A² | 1748.15 | 1 | 1748.15 | 9.09 | 0.0167 a |
B² | 761.57 | 1 | 761.57 | 3.96 | 0.0818 b |
C² | 42.01 | 1 | 42.01 | 0.2184 | 0.6527 b |
Residual | 1538.71 | 8 | 192.34 | ||
Lack of Fit | 1054.44 | 5 | 210.89 | 1.31 | 0.4397 b |
Pure Error | 484.27 | 3 | 161.42 | ||
Cor Total | 27,036.95 | 17 |
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Mohd Yusop, N.; Ching, O.P.; Sufian, S.; Zain, M.M. Enhanced Effect of Metal Sulfide Doping (MgS-TiO2) Nanostructure Catalyst on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol. Sustainability 2023, 15, 10415. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310415
Mohd Yusop N, Ching OP, Sufian S, Zain MM. Enhanced Effect of Metal Sulfide Doping (MgS-TiO2) Nanostructure Catalyst on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol. Sustainability. 2023; 15(13):10415. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310415
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Yusop, Nurida, Oh Pei Ching, Suriati Sufian, and Masniroszaime M. Zain. 2023. "Enhanced Effect of Metal Sulfide Doping (MgS-TiO2) Nanostructure Catalyst on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol" Sustainability 15, no. 13: 10415. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310415