Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Test Sustainable Development in University 4.0 in the Ultra-Smart Society Era
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
- Projects created by teaching and research centers that combine sustainability principles across disciplines can improve sustainability;
- Outreach initiatives can assist in influencing broader perspectives through different teaching methods;
- An institutional culture of sustainability increases awareness among university staff and the local and global communities (for instance, by promoting biodiversity, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, using energy more effectively, and minimizing the ecological impact).
3. Materials and Method
4. Data Estimation and Results
Structural Model (PLS-SEM)
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic Variable | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
Below 25 years | 85 | 28.14% |
26–30 | 91 | 30.13% |
31–35 | 54 | 17.88% |
Above 35 years | 72 | 23.84% |
Gender | ||
Male | 154 | 51% |
Female | 148 | 49% |
Nature of Institute | ||
Public | 196 | 64.90% |
Private | 106 | 35.09% |
Nationality | ||
China | 46 | 15.23% |
Austria | 03 | 0.99% |
France | 05 | 1.65% |
Germany | 19 | 6.29% |
India | 06 | 1.98% |
Japan | 02 | 0.66% |
Pakistan | 155 | 51.32% |
Portugal | 03 | 0.99% |
Spain | 22 | 7.28% |
Turkey | 41 | 13.57% |
Educational Qualification | ||
Under Graduation | 56 | 18.54% |
Post Graduation | 185 | 61.26% |
M. Phil | 18 | 5.96% |
Ph.D. | 43 | 14.24% |
Field of Study | ||
Economics | 45 | 14.90% |
Environment | 80 | 26.49% |
Informatic | 05 | 1.65% |
Management | 156 | 51.65% |
Tourism | 16 | 5.29% |
Constructs | Mean | SD | VIF |
---|---|---|---|
Skills and activities α = 0.732 ρ = 0.820 CR = 0.702 AVE = 0.735 | 3.53 | 0.74 | 1.84 |
Behavioral dissemination α = 0.821 ρ = 0.734 CR = 0.873 AVE = 0.640 | 3.73 | 0.80 | 1.75 |
Society 5.0 α = 0.834 ρ = 0.732 CR = 0.722 AVE = 0.739 | 3.85 | 0.79 | 1.83 |
Industry 4.0 α = 0.845 ρ = 0.730 CR = 0.743 AVE = 0.841 | 3.84 | 0.86 | 1.54 |
Education α = 0.890 ρ = 0.733 CR = 0.845 AVE = 0831 | 3.83 | 0.79 | 1.83 |
Community Awareness α = 0.898 ρ = 0.734 CR = 0.820 AVE = 0.773 | 3.73 | 0.793 | 1.63 |
Sustainable Development α = 0.749 ρ = 0.792 CR = 0.840 AVE = 0.731 | 3.60 | 0.86 | 1.43 |
Constructs | Original Sample | Mean | S.D. | t-Ratio | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SA | 0.838 | 0.949 | 0.045 | 38.632 | 0.000 ** |
BD | 0.820 | 0.890 | 0.065 | 52.583 | 0.000 ** |
S5.0 | 0.802 | 0.934 | 0.098 | 40.593 | 0.000 ** |
I4.0 | 0.738 | 0.749 | 0.034 | 54.921 | 0.000 ** |
ED | 0.840 | 0.709 | 0.093 | 39.743 | 0.000 ** |
CA | 0.830 | 0.890 | 0.045 | 26.872 | 0.000 ** |
SD | 0.989 | 0.932 | 0.054 | 27.843 | 0.000 ** |
Constructs | SA | BD | S5.0 | I4.0 | ED | CA | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SA | 0.832 | ||||||
BD | 0.798 | 0.844 | |||||
S5.0 | 0.740 | 0.764 | 0.895 | ||||
I4.0 | 0.898 | 0.759 | 0.740 | 0.748 | |||
ED | 0.734 | 0.840 | 0.794 | 0.705 | 0.894 | ||
CA | 0.704 | 0.743 | 0.701 | 0.834 | 0.784 | 0.749 | |
SD | 0.843 | 0.703 | 0.830 | 0.704 | 0.804 | 0.844 | 0.750 |
Heterotrait–monotrait ratio of correlation (HTMT) | |||||||
SA | SA | BD | S5.0 | I4.0 | ED | CA | SD |
BD | 0.884 | ||||||
S5.0 | 0.764 | 0.844 | |||||
I4.0 | 0.850 | 0.730 | 0.784 | ||||
ED | 0.763 | 0.785 | 0.756 | 0.745 | |||
CA | 0.822 | 0.733 | 0.833 | 0.850 | 0.733 | ||
SD | 0.786 | 0.705 | 0.840 | 0.744 | 0.750 | 0.877 | |
0.854 | 0.740 | 0.775 | 0.774 | 0.784 | 0.753 | 0.704 |
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Rosak-Szyrocka, J.; Tiwari, S. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Test Sustainable Development in University 4.0 in the Ultra-Smart Society Era. Sustainability 2023, 15, 16167. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316167
Rosak-Szyrocka J, Tiwari S. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Test Sustainable Development in University 4.0 in the Ultra-Smart Society Era. Sustainability. 2023; 15(23):16167. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316167
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosak-Szyrocka, Joanna, and Sunil Tiwari. 2023. "Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Test Sustainable Development in University 4.0 in the Ultra-Smart Society Era" Sustainability 15, no. 23: 16167. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316167