Influence of Cutting Intervals and Transition Periods on Chemical Composition Variability of Selected Tropical Grasses under Flooded Savanna Conditions of Arauca, Colombian Orinoquia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Region
2.2. Evaluated Grass Species
2.3. Forage Sampling Process
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Influence of Transition Periods and Cutting Intervals on Chemical Composition Variables
4. Discussion
4.1. Grasses’ Productive and Chemical Composition Characteristics
4.2. Chemical Composition Tendencies among “Bank” and “Low” Physiographic Position Grasses
4.3. Influence of Transition Periods on Grasses’ Chemical Compositions
4.4. Influence of Cutting Intervals on Grasses’ Chemical Compositions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grass (Scientific Name) | Vulgar Name | Growth Habit | Origin |
---|---|---|---|
“Bank” position | |||
Paspalum plicatulum Michx. (1803) | Black “bank” grass | Bunch | Native |
Axonopus compressus (Sw) P. Beauv. (1812) | Gegei grass | Stoloniferous | Native |
Panicum versicolor (EP Bincknell) Nieuwl. | White “bank” grass | Bunch | Native |
Paspalum sp. (L.) L. (1762) | Native grama | Rhizomatous | Native |
Urochloa hybrid cv Mulato I | Mulatto grass | Bunch | Introduced |
“Low” position | |||
Leersia hexandra Sw. (1788) | Lambedora grass | Bunch | Native |
Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy (1931) | Black water straw | Stoloniferous | Native |
Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees (1829) | Water straw | Stoloniferous | Native |
Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga | Humidicola grass | Stoloniferous | Introduced |
“Bank” Physiographic Position | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nutritional Variable | P. plicatulum | A. compressus | P. versicolor | Paspalum sp. | Mulato |
DMY/ha (kg) | 1967.61 ± 880.94 | 1053.44 ± 272.01 | 1215.28 ± 515.35 | 1198.22 ± 513.28 | 1644.28 ± 646.72 |
DM (%) | 27.21 ± 4.34 | 33.72 ± 3.17 | 28.19 ± 5.14 | 33.81 ± 4.76 | 23.88 ± 2.84 |
CP (%) | 8.88 ± 1.88 | 8.96 ± 0.98 | 9.54 ± 1.23 | 7.73 ± 1.18 | 8.09 ± 0.98 |
Ash (%) | 10.36 ± 1.24 | 9.95 ± 0.41 | 11.02 ± 0.8 | 10.76 ± 0.64 | 9.9 ± 0.86 |
EE (%) | 1.35 ± 0.24 | 1.47 ± 0.19 | 1.87 ± 0.35 | 1.45 ± 0.2 | 1.74 ± 0.23 |
NDF (%) | 68.21 ± 2.97 | 68.08 ± 1.88 | 65.22 ± 3.91 | 71.41 ± 1.44 | 68.42 ± 2.17 |
ADF (%) | 35.57 ± 3.44 | 33.95 ± 1.82 | 35.21 ± 3.68 | 38.14 ± 1.73 | 34.69 ± 2.34 |
Lignin (%) | 8.42 ± 0.66 | 8.47 ± 0.42 | 8.06 ± 0.87 | 8.78 ± 0.42 | 8.55 ± 0.63 |
HC (%) | 32.64 ± 2.64 | 34.13 ± 0.45 | 30.01 ± 1.69 | 33.27 ± 1.6 | 33.73 ± 2.72 |
TDN (%) | 50.51 ± 2.28 | 51.04 ± 1.19 | 51.1 ± 1.81 | 48.91 ± 1.2 | 50.18 ± 1.22 |
DMD (%) | 55.39 ± 2.47 | 55.97 ± 1.28 | 56.04 ± 1.96 | 53.67 ± 1.29 | 55.04 ± 1.32 |
ME (Mcal/kg) | 1.78 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.05 | 1.81 ± 0.08 | 1.71 ± 0.05 | 1.76 ± 0.05 |
Ca2+ (%) | 0.52 ± 0.09 | 0.31 ± 0.07 | 0.41 ± 0.08 | 0.42 ± 0.07 | 0.53 ± 0.13 |
P (%) | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.03 |
Mg2+ (%) | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.03 |
K (%) | 1.93 ± 0.49 | 1.26 ± 0.16 | 1.97 ± 0.24 | 2.02 ± 0.59 | 1.77 ± 0.45 |
Na (%) | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.0043 |
S (%) | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.05 |
“Low” physiographic position | |||||
Nutritional variable | L. hexandra | A. zizanioides | H. amplexicaulis | U. humidicola | |
DMY/ha (kg) | 1142.39 ± 342.06 | 1030.44 ± 217.82 | 840.56 ± 283.04 | 1957.83 ± 749.12 | |
DM (%) | 38.09 ± 8.19 | 29.92 ± 8.26 | 27.37 ± 8.7 | 27.27 ± 3.75 | |
CP (%) | 14.13 ± 2.84 | 11.33 ± 2.69 | 11.22 ± 2.4 | 6.68 ± 1.43 | |
Ash (%) | 14.76 ± 1.51 | 12.49 ± 1.51 | 13.39 ± 1.6 | 8.16 ± 0.65 | |
EE (%) | 2.3 ± 0.22 | 1.76 ± 0.29 | 1.9 ± 0.29 | 1.54 ± 0.15 | |
NDF (%) | 59.83 ± 2.35 | 63.01 ± 4.54 | 61.98 ± 2.45 | 72.21 ± 2.72 | |
ADF (%) | 33.54 ± 2.13 | 36.75 ± 1.8 | 35.75 ± 2.21 | 35.78 ± 2.09 | |
Lignin (%) | 7.52 ± 0.75 | 8.35 ± 0.57 | 8.01 ± 0.66 | 8.64 ± 0.48 | |
HC (%) | 26.29 ± 1.84 | 26.25 ± 3.64 | 26.23 ± 1.79 | 36.43 ± 3.28 | |
TDN (%) | 54.98 ± 2.57 | 51.97 ± 2.23 | 52.19 ± 2.34 | 48.82 ± 1.34 | |
DMD (%) | 60.22 ± 2.78 | 56.98 ± 2.41 | 57.21 ± 2.53 | 53.57 ± 1.45 | |
ME (Mcal/kg) | 1.98 ± 0.11 | 1.84 ± 0.1 | 1.85 ± 0.1 | 1.71 ± 0.06 | |
Ca2+ (%) | 0.31 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.11 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.31 ± 0.07 | |
P (%) | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | |
Mg2+ (%) | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | |
K (%) | 2.29 ± 0.27 | 2.03 ± 0.43 | 2.25 ± 0.36 | 2.07 ± 0.46 | |
Na (%) | 0.04 ± 0.0043 | 0.03 ± 0.0047 | 0.04 ± 0.0046 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | |
S (%) | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.03 |
Transition Periods | Grass Cutting Intervals | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lambda | Value | Proportion | Cum. Prop. | Value | Proportion | Cum. Prop. |
1 | 9.77 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 10.69 | 0.59 | 0.59 |
2 | 2.70 | 0.15 | 0.69 | 1.99 | 0.11 | 0.70 |
3 | 2.11 | 0.12 | 0.81 | 1.66 | 0.09 | 0.80 |
4 | 0.85 | 0.05 | 0.86 | 1.05 | 0.06 | 0.86 |
5 | 0.73 | 0.04 | 0.90 | 0.75 | 0.04 | 0.90 |
6 | 0.63 | 0.04 | 0.93 | 0.62 | 0.03 | 0.93 |
7 | 0.45 | 0.03 | 0.96 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.96 |
8 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.98 |
9 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
10 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
11 | 0.05 | 0.0028 | 1.00 | 0.07 | 0.0039 | 1.00 |
Transition Periods | Grass Cutting Intervals | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | e1 | e2 | e1 | e2 |
DMY/ha | −0.21 | 0.06 | −0.19 | 0.19 |
DM | 0.18 | −0.02 | 0.14 | −0.44 |
CP | 0.31 | 0.05 | 0.30 | −0.02 |
Ash | 0.30 | 0.07 | 0.27 | −0.03 |
EE | 0.28 | −0.10 | 0.27 | 0.12 |
NDF | −0.30 | −0.06 | −0.29 | −0.06 |
ADF | −0.16 | 0.49 | −0.15 | −0.05 |
Lignin | −0.24 | 0.20 | −0.28 | −0.06 |
HC | −0.24 | −0.35 | −0.27 | −0.05 |
TDN | 0.31 | −0.11 | 0.29 | −0.01 |
DMD | 0.31 | −0.11 | 0.29 | −0.01 |
ME | 0.31 | −0.11 | 0.29 | −0.01 |
Ca2+ | −0.13 | −0.23 | −0.13 | 0.51 |
P | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.07 |
Mg2+ | −0.10 | −0,32 | −0.07 | 0.58 |
K | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.17 | 0.24 |
Na | 0.16 | −0.14 | 0.14 | 0.22 |
S | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.18 |
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Vélez-Terranova, M.; Salamanca-Carreño, A.; Vargas-Corzo, O.M.; Parés-Casanova, P.M.; Pérez-López, O. Influence of Cutting Intervals and Transition Periods on Chemical Composition Variability of Selected Tropical Grasses under Flooded Savanna Conditions of Arauca, Colombian Orinoquia. Sustainability 2023, 15, 16301. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316301
Vélez-Terranova M, Salamanca-Carreño A, Vargas-Corzo OM, Parés-Casanova PM, Pérez-López O. Influence of Cutting Intervals and Transition Periods on Chemical Composition Variability of Selected Tropical Grasses under Flooded Savanna Conditions of Arauca, Colombian Orinoquia. Sustainability. 2023; 15(23):16301. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316301
Chicago/Turabian StyleVélez-Terranova, Mauricio, Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño, Oscar Mauricio Vargas-Corzo, Pere M. Parés-Casanova, and Otoniel Pérez-López. 2023. "Influence of Cutting Intervals and Transition Periods on Chemical Composition Variability of Selected Tropical Grasses under Flooded Savanna Conditions of Arauca, Colombian Orinoquia" Sustainability 15, no. 23: 16301. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316301