Carbon Footprint of a Large Yellow Croaker Mariculture Models Based on Life-Cycle Assessment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Method
2.1. Research Objectives and Scope Definition
2.2. Study Area
2.3. Large Yellow Croaker Cage Mariculture
2.4. Division of System Boundaries and Functional Units in LCA
2.5. System Boundaries and Functional Units
2.6. Data Collection
2.7. Computational Process
2.8. Data Processing
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Mariculture Model on Carbon Footprint
4.2. Impact of Emission Factors on Carbon Footprint
4.3. The Influence of System Boundary on Carbon Footprint
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material Input | DWWWRC | TPC |
---|---|---|
Diesel/kg | 46.21 | 310.69 |
Electricity/(kW·h) | 13.53 | 17.41 |
PE/kg | 64.45 | 72.61 |
Cement/kg | 1.80 | 6.31 |
Compound feed/kg | 336 | 1736 |
Fresh feed/kg | 3364 | 6844 |
PA/kg | 0.079 | 8.45 |
Timber/m3 | 0 | 13.19 |
Refrigerator/unit | 1 | 1 |
Classification | PE | Cement | Timber | PA | Diesel | Refrigerator |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1T | 1T | 1 m3 | 1T (37%) | 1 kg | 1 | |
CO2/kg | 9.11 × 101 | 6.98 × 102 | 1.45 × 102 | 1.69 × 102 | 6.07 × 10−1 | 2.66 × 103 |
CO/kg | 2.64 × 100 | 1.26 × 10−1 | 1.36 × 10−1 | 9.77 × 100 | 3.88 × 10−4 | 1.01 × 100 |
CH4/kg | 0.00 × 100 | 8.97 × 10−1 | 1.36 × 101 | 3.78 × 100 | 1.18 × 10−4 | 1.15 × 101 |
NOx/kg | 1.03 × 100 | 1.38 × 100 | 3.65 × 10−1 | 0.00 × 100 | 6.71 × 10−1 | 7.19 × 100 |
Material Name | Weight (kg) | Distance (km) | Oil Consumption (kg) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TPC | DWWWRC | TPC | DWWWRC | TPC | DWWWRC | |
Timber | 6.20 × 103 | 0 | 8.94 × 101 | 0 | 9.26 × 101 | 0 |
Compound feed | 1.74 × 103 | 3.36 × 102 | 7.29 × 102 | 7.29 × 102 | 2.12 × 102 | 4.09 × 101 |
Cement | 6.30 × 100 | 1.80 × 100 | 2.30 × 102 | 2.30 × 102 | 2.42 × 10−1 | 6.91 × 10−2 |
Refrigerator | 5.00 × 101 | 5.00 × 101 | 2.30 × 102 | 2.30 × 102 | 1.92 × 100 | 1.92 × 100 |
PE | 7.26 × 101 | 6.45 × 101 | 4.11 × 102 | 4.11 × 102 | 4.98 × 100 | 4.43 × 100 |
PA | 8.48 × 100 | 7.86 × 10−2 | 2.88 × 102 | 2.88 × 102 | 4.08 × 10−1 | 3.78 × 10−3 |
Name | Unit | DWWWRC | TPC |
---|---|---|---|
Diesel | kgCO2-eq | 9.95 × 103 | 6.69 × 104 |
Electricity | kgCO2-eq | 4.34 × 101 | 5.56 × 101 |
PE | kgCO2-eq | 3.89 × 101 | 4.38 × 101 |
Cement | kgCO2-eq | 2.09 × 100 | 7.32 × 100 |
Compound feed | kgCO2-eq | 8.74 × 101 | 4.51 × 102 |
PA | kgCO2-eq | 7.83 × 10−2 | 6.46 × 100 |
Timber | kgCO2-eq | 0.00 × 100 | 7.93 × 103 |
Refrigerator | kgCO2-eq | 4.33 × 102 | 1.37 × 102 |
Total CO2 emissions | kgCO2-eq | 1.055 × 104 | 7.553 × 104 |
Process | DWWWRC | TPC | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Material production | 8.44 × 101 | 0.80% | 8.04 × 103 | 10.64% |
Breeding process | 5.20 × 102 | 4.90% | 5.94 × 102 | 0.79% |
Material transport | 9.95 × 103 | 94.30% | 6.69 × 104 | 88.57% |
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Liu, J.; Gui, F.; Zhou, Q.; Cai, H.; Xu, K.; Zhao, S. Carbon Footprint of a Large Yellow Croaker Mariculture Models Based on Life-Cycle Assessment. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6658. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086658
Liu J, Gui F, Zhou Q, Cai H, Xu K, Zhao S. Carbon Footprint of a Large Yellow Croaker Mariculture Models Based on Life-Cycle Assessment. Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):6658. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086658
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Jingyi, Feng Gui, Qian Zhou, Huiwen Cai, Kaida Xu, and Sheng Zhao. 2023. "Carbon Footprint of a Large Yellow Croaker Mariculture Models Based on Life-Cycle Assessment" Sustainability 15, no. 8: 6658. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086658