The Impact of Rural Tourism on the Poverty Vulnerability of Aging Rural Households
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Research Design
3.1. Poverty Vulnerability
3.2. Multiple Linear Regression
4. Data and Methodology
4.1. Research Case
4.2. Data Collection
4.3. Variables
5. Empirical Results
5.1. Sample Descriptive Statistics
5.2. Statistics of Sample Economic Sources
5.3. Calculation of Poverty Vulnerability of Aging Farmers
5.4. Regression Analysis Results
6. Conclusions and Discussion
6.1. Conclusions
6.2. Theoretical Contribution
6.3. Implications
6.3.1. Subdivide Travel-Related Posts Suitable for Aging
6.3.2. Help Aging Farmers Increase Income from Property
6.3.3. Implement Skills Training for Positions Suitable for Aging
6.3.4. Give Priority in Flexible Employment to Aging
6.3.5. Provide Tourism Internship Opportunities for Aging
7. Limitations and Future Research
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Mean | St | Max | Min | Simple |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Per capita annual income | 14,227.23 | 7021.181 | 2500 | 45,000 | 79 |
The logarithm of per capita annual income | 9.4489276 | 0.48727693 | 7.82405 | 10.71442 | 79 |
Whether to participate in the tourism industry | 0.53 | 0.502 | 0 | 1 | 79 |
Gender | 0.41 | 0.494 | 0 | 1 | 79 |
Age | 63.37 | 6.237 | 55 | 87 | 79 |
The degree of education | 1.47 | 0.875 | 0 | 4 | 79 |
Family size/person | 4.32 | 1.850 | 1 | 10 | 79 |
The dependency ratio | 0.2249 | 0.33866 | 0 | 2 | 79 |
Annual household income | 4.94 | 1.983 | 1 | 7 | 79 |
Own housing assets/office | 1.24 | 0.512 | 1 | 4 | 79 |
Distance from main road | 2.05 | 1.108 | 1 | 4 | 79 |
Land area owned/before transfer | 0.014970 | 0.1121417 | 0 | 0.2 | 79 |
Owned land area/after transfer | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 79 |
Is there a patient? | 0.11 | 0.320 | 0 | 1 | 79 |
Number of school-age children | 0.63 | 0.835 | 0 | 4 | 79 |
Income from Family Business | Income from Wage and Salary | Income from Property | Income from Transfer | |
---|---|---|---|---|
55 to 59 years old | 41.66% | 48.00% | 10.33% | 0.01% |
60 to 65 years old | 53.84% | 25.64% | 1.93% | 18.59% |
66 to 75 years old | 58.97% | 20.51% | 0.02% | 20.51% |
Standard * | Extreme Poverty Line | Relative Poverty Line |
---|---|---|
Overall vulnerability rate | 7.186% | 32.934% |
Low rate of vulnerability | 6.587% | 25.749% |
High rate of vulnerability | 0.599% | 7.186% |
Coef. | Std. Err | Coef. Beta | t | p Value | VIF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Constant) | 0.397 | 0.387 | 1.026 | 0.308 | ||
Gender | 0.051 | 0.074 | 0.055 | 0.696 | 0.489 | 1.189 |
Age | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.075 | 0.957 | 0.342 | 1.160 |
The degree of eduction | −0.034 | 0.043 | −0.064 | −0.781 | 0.437 | 1.278 |
Family size/person | 0.162 | 0.024 | 0.648 | 6.835 | 0.000 | 1.721 |
The dependency ratio | −0.139 | 0.108 | −0.102 | −1.285 | 0.203 | 1.933 |
Annual household income | −0.138 | 0.023 | −0.591 | −5.878 | 0.000 | 1.196 |
Own housing assets/office | 0.157 | 0.067 | 0.174 | 2.335 | 0.022 | 1.056 |
Distance from main road | −0.042 | 0.031 | −0.100 | −1.322 | 0.190 | 1.084 |
Whether to participate in the tourism industry | −0.226 | 0.076 | −0.245 | −2.989 | 0.004 | 1.284 |
Coef. | Std. Err | Coef. Beta | t | p Value | VIF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Constant) | −0.345 | 0.325 | −1.061 | 0.292 | ||
Gender | −0.060 | 0.062 | −0.082 | −0.962 | 0.339 | 1.189 |
Age | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.091 | 1.083 | 0.283 | 1.160 |
The degree of eduction | 0.020 | 0.036 | 0.049 | 0.555 | 0.581 | 1.278 |
Family size/person | 0.154 | 0.020 | 0.789 | 7.729 | 0.000 | 1.721 |
The dependency ratio | −0.115 | 0.020 | −0.633 | −5.852 | 0.836 | 1.933 |
Annual household income | −0.019 | 0.091 | −0.018 | −0.207 | 0.000 | 1.196 |
Own housing assets/office | −0.056 | 0.056 | −0.079 | −0.986 | 0.328 | 1.056 |
Distance from main road | 0.037 | 0.026 | 0.112 | 1.389 | 0.169 | 1.084 |
Whether to participate in the tourism industry | 0.115 | 0.063 | 0.159 | 1.808 | 0.075 | 1.284 |
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Guo, S.; Li, X.; Cao, N.; Wang, Y. The Impact of Rural Tourism on the Poverty Vulnerability of Aging Rural Households. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6800. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086800
Guo S, Li X, Cao N, Wang Y. The Impact of Rural Tourism on the Poverty Vulnerability of Aging Rural Households. Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):6800. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086800
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Shu, Xiaoying Li, Ning Cao, and Ying Wang. 2023. "The Impact of Rural Tourism on the Poverty Vulnerability of Aging Rural Households" Sustainability 15, no. 8: 6800. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086800