A Comprehensive Study of the Suitability of Urban Underground Spaces for Connection Development: A Case Study of the Erhai Lake Basin, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview of the Study Area
2.2. Index Selection
2.3. Research Methods and Models
2.3.1. Steps of the AHP
Build a Hierarchical Structure Model
Construct the Comparison Matrix
Consistency Check
Determination of Weight
2.3.2. Steps of the CA
Cell Construction
Construction of CA Rules
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Discussion on the Status Quo of UUS Development
4.2. The Significance of Multistakeholder Indicator System
4.3. Consider the Implications of UUS Connectivity
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Evaluation Data | Source | Data Typology |
---|---|---|
Population density (C1) | Population density of Erhai lake basin City— www.worldpop.org (accessed on 10 June 2022); (Resolution: 1 km × 1 km); (Year 2020) | Raster |
Traffic conditions (C2) | Baidu Map transportation big data platform—www.jiaotong.baidu.com (accessed on 10 June 2022); (Linear data); (Year 2020) | Raster |
Building density (C3) | 1:1 million public version of basic geographic information data (Year 2021), 1:250,000 National Basic geographic database (Year 2015) | Vector |
Land use types (C4) | The third national land resource survey provided by Kunming City Planning and Information Center (Year 2019); (Resolution: 50 m × 50 m) | Raster |
The commercial land price (C5) | Housing transaction data from 58 cities and HOME LINK net (Year 2020); (Resolution: 200 m × 200 m) | Raster |
Spatial location (C6) | Dali City Master Plan (Year 2011–2020); (Resolution: 100 m × 100 m) | Vector |
Road traffic accessibility (C7) | National Basic Geographic database of National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information—www.webmap.cn (accessed on 10 June 2022); (Year 2020); (Linear data) | Vector |
Bus stop density (C8) | Baidu Map and Amap traffic station POI data (Dotted data); (Year 2020) | Raster |
POI mixing degree (C9) | POI data of Dali (Dotted data); (Year 2020) | Vector |
Index Type | Quantitative Method | Index Classification | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 | ||
Population density C1 | X1 = NC1/SC1 (km2) NC1 is the population; SC1 is the area of the region. | X1 ≤ 1000 | 1000 < X1 ≤ 1500 | 1500 < X1 ≤ 2000 | 2000 < X1 |
Traffic conditions C2 | X2 = tC/tF tC is the time taken during the congestion period; tF is the time spent during the unblocked period. | 1 < X2 ≤ 1.5 | 1.5 < X2 ≤ 1.8 | 1.8 < X2 ≤ 2.0 | 2.0 < X2 |
Building density C3 | X3 = mB/mS mB is the total basal area of the building; mS is the area of planned construction land. | X3 ≤ 0.1 | 0.1 < X3 ≤ 0.25 | 0.25 < X3 ≤ 0.4 | 0.4 < X3 |
Land use types C4 | It is classified according to different land use types. | Wetland, protective land, water areas, etc. | Land for residence, education, medical treatment, etc. | Logistics, warehousing, industrial land, etc. | Commercial offices, shopping mall plazas, etc. |
The commercial land price C5 | Based on the average price of land transactions in the region (¥/m2) | X5 ≤ 2000 | 2000 < X5 ≤ 3000 | 3000 < X5 ≤ 4000 | 4000 < X5 |
Spatial location C6 | Based on the scope of the planned area in the relevant plan. | Non-urban central impact area. | Not the center of the city, but affected by the center. | Regional city center. | Center for Overall Urban Development. |
Road traffic accessibility C7 | Based on which type of road radiation the area is in, it is obtained through the buffer. | All kinds of roads do not radiate into this area. | In the provincial roads, national roads, township roads, and other road radiation areas. | In the radiation zone of class I and class II roads. | In the radiation zone of class III and class IV roads. |
Bus stop density C8 | X8 = nC8/SC8 nC8 is the number of regional bus stops; SC8 is the area of the grid (2.25 hm2). | X8 ≤ 5 | 5 < X8 ≤ 1 0 | 10 < X8 ≤ 15 | 15 < X8 |
POI mixing degree C9 | Pi is the probability that POI is i; The higher the X9 in the region, the higher the POI mixing degree. | X9 ≤ 0.2 | 0.2 < X9 ≤ 0.4 | 0.4 < X9 ≤ 0.6 | 0.6 < X9 |
The Target Layer | Criterion Layer | Index Layer |
---|---|---|
Suitability of underground space development (A1) | Space benefit (B1) | Population density (C1) |
Traffic conditions (C2) | ||
Building density (C3) | ||
Commercial benefit (B2) | Land use types (C4) | |
The commercial land price (C5) | ||
Spatial location (C6) | ||
Comfort level (B3) | Road traffic accessibility (C7) | |
Bus stop density (C8) | ||
POI mixing degree (C9) |
Definition | Instructions | ai/aj |
---|---|---|
Equally important | i is as important as j | 1 |
Low degree of important | i is a lower degree of importance than j | 3 |
Medium degree important | i is a medium degree of importance relative to j | 5 |
Highly important | i is highly important relative to than j | 7 |
Extremely important | i is extremely important relative to j | 9 |
Matrix Order (n) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | …… |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RI | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | …… |
The Target Layer | Criterion Layer | w1 | Index Layer | w2 | w1,2 | Order |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suitability of UUS (A1) | Space benefit (B1) | 0.3149 | Population density (C1) | 0.3180 | 0.10013820 | 6 |
Traffic conditions (C2) | 0.2910 | 0.0916359 | 7 | |||
Building density (C3) | 0.3910 | 0.1231259 | 4 | |||
Commercial benefit (B2) | 0.4096 | Land use types (C4) | 0.2667 | 0.10924032 | 5 | |
The commercial land price (C5) | 0.3333 | 0.13651968 | 3 | |||
Spatial location (C6) | 0.4000 | 0.16384000 | 1 | |||
Comfort level (B3) | 0.2755 | Road traffic accessibility (C7) | 0.2925 | 0.08058375 | 8 | |
Bus stop density (C8) | 0.2038 | 0.05614690 | 9 | |||
POI mixing degree (C9) | 0.5037 | 0.13876935 | 2 |
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Zhang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Jiang, F.; Deng, Z.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Wen, P. A Comprehensive Study of the Suitability of Urban Underground Spaces for Connection Development: A Case Study of the Erhai Lake Basin, China. Sustainability 2023, 15, 7433. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097433
Zhang Y, Chen Y, Jiang F, Deng Z, Xie Z, Zhang Y, Wen P. A Comprehensive Study of the Suitability of Urban Underground Spaces for Connection Development: A Case Study of the Erhai Lake Basin, China. Sustainability. 2023; 15(9):7433. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097433
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yangbin, Yuhan Chen, Fengshan Jiang, Zhanting Deng, Zhiqiang Xie, Yuning Zhang, and Ping Wen. 2023. "A Comprehensive Study of the Suitability of Urban Underground Spaces for Connection Development: A Case Study of the Erhai Lake Basin, China" Sustainability 15, no. 9: 7433. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097433