Assessing the Spatial Equity of Urban Park Green Space Layout from the Perspective of Resident Heterogeneity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Data
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Source and Pre-Processing
2.2.1. Urban Green Space Datasets
2.2.2. Location-Based Service Data
2.2.3. Housing Price Data
2.2.4. Basic Geographic Datasets
3. Methodology
3.1. Research Framework
3.2. Analysis of Residents’ Movement Tracking, Residential and Recreational Areas
3.3. Resident Attribute Classification Based on Characteristic Indicators
3.4. Measuring the Heterogeneity of Residents
3.5. Measuring the Spatial Equity of UPGS Layout
3.5.1. Analysis of Demand Level
3.5.2. Analysis of Park Supply Level
3.5.3. Analysis of Spatial Equity Level
4. Results
4.1. The Resident Identification with Recreational Behavior Based on LBS Data
4.2. Spatial Pattern of UPGS Supply and Demand
4.2.1. Spatial Pattern of UPGS Supply
4.2.2. Spatial Pattern of UPGS Demand
4.2.3. Spatial Pattern of Fairness in UPGS
4.3. The Overall Spaitl Equity of UPGS Layout Based on Resident Heterogeneity
4.4. Comparison the Spatil Equity of UPGS Layout among Different Types of Residents
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The layout of UPGS in the main urban area of Nanjing exhibits significant spatial inequity. The study finds that the matching degree between residents’ recreational demand level and UPGS supply level is poor, indicating that the current allocation of park green space resources fails to effectively meet residents’ actual needs. This supply–demand imbalance varies across different locations, with the problem of insufficient supply being particularly prominent in the central urban area.
- (2)
- There are significant differences in the accessibility of UPGS resources among different social groups. Through the analysis of resident heterogeneity, this study reveals the unequal status of different types of resident groups in enjoying UPGS. Among them, the low-income group faces the most severe predicament of park green space accessibility, which is closely related to their residential location and socioeconomic status.
- (3)
- Resident heterogeneity is negatively correlated with the spatial equity of UPGS. In streets with more diverse socioeconomic attributes of residents, the equity index of park green space layout is generally lower. This may be due to the severe internal differentiation of highly heterogeneous communities, where the preferences and demands of different groups for park green spaces vary greatly, making it difficult to consider in planning and construction, thus leading to the intensification of interest conflicts.
- (4)
- Big data methods provide new ideas for evaluating the spatial equity of UPGS layouts. This study utilizes LBS data and multi-source geographic data to conduct in-depth characterization and correlation analysis of residents’ socioeconomic attributes, behavioral activities, and park green space layout at a fine scale, compensating for the deficiencies of existing research in terms of single data dimensions and limited sample sizes, which can provide references for empirical research in related fields.
- (5)
- UPGS planning should strengthen supply–demand orientation and improve the equity of spatial layout. Based on the analysis of the Nanjing case, this study suggests that future UPGS planning should pay more attention to the diversity of recreational needs, focus on improving the accessibility of park green spaces in central urban areas and low-income communities in spatial layout optimization, and balance the interests and demands of different stakeholders through the introduction of public participation mechanisms.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Types | Datasets | Format | Sources | Time |
---|---|---|---|---|
Geospatial big data | Area of Interest | Vector (Polygon) | https://www.amap.com/ (accessed on 2 November 2023) | 2 November 2023 |
Urban Green Space | Vector (Polygon) | 6 October 2023 | ||
Housing Price | Vector (Point) | https://nj.lianjia.com/ (accessed on 2 October 2023) | 2 October 2023 | |
Validation data | Location-based Service | Vector (Point) | https://dianping.com/ (accessed on 28 October 2023) | 17–24 October 2023 |
Basic geographic data | Roads | Vector (Polyline) | https://www.openstreetmap.org/ (accessed on 18 December 2023) | 18 December 2023 |
Administrative boundaries | Vector (Polygon) | 18 December 2023 |
No. | ID | Gender | Age | Date | Time | Longitude | Latitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1557132 | M | 18–60 | 17 October 2023 | 08:34:23 | 118.840219 | 31.898774 |
2 | 1557132 | M | 18–60 | 17 October 2023 | 08:35:29 | 118.840789 | 31.898716 |
3 | 1557132 | M | 18–60 | 17 October 2023 | 11:45:11 | 118.840219 | 31.898774 |
… | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
234,683 | 1999980 | F | >60 | 24 October 2023 | 18:07:30 | 118.838209 | 32.320206 |
234,684 | 1999980 | F | >60 | 24 October 2023 | 22:33:16 | 118.781526 | 32.32281 |
No. | Name | Price (CNY/m2) | Center Point Longitude | Center Point Latitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Muma Apartment | 37,000 | 32.0536111 | 118.7838889 |
2 | Vanke Golden Home | 67,000 | 32.0408333 | 118.7619444 |
3 | Mufu Villa | 21,000 | 32.1244444 | 118.8130556 |
… | … | … | … | … |
5047 | Puzhou Garden | 14,000 | 32.1680556 | 118.7166667 |
5048 | Fangshan Xiyuan | 19,000 | 31.9316667 | 118.9008333 |
Categories | AOI Types | AOI Areas (km2) |
---|---|---|
Residential area | Residential buildings | 174.58 |
Unit compounds, staff dormitories | 2.01 | |
Urban park green space | City squares | 1.94 |
Parks, zoos, botanical gardens | 86.10 | |
Tourist attractions | 103.41 |
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Xia, G.; He, G.; Zhang, X. Assessing the Spatial Equity of Urban Park Green Space Layout from the Perspective of Resident Heterogeneity. Sustainability 2024, 16, 5631. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135631
Xia G, He G, Zhang X. Assessing the Spatial Equity of Urban Park Green Space Layout from the Perspective of Resident Heterogeneity. Sustainability. 2024; 16(13):5631. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135631
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia, Geyang, Guofeng He, and Xun Zhang. 2024. "Assessing the Spatial Equity of Urban Park Green Space Layout from the Perspective of Resident Heterogeneity" Sustainability 16, no. 13: 5631. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135631