Study on the Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of China’s Commercial Circulation Industry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Analysis and Hypothesis Research
2.1. Influence Path Based on Production
2.2. Influence Path Based on the Consumption End: The Perspective of Urban and Rural Consumption Structure
3. Description of the Model, Variables, and Data
3.1. Base Model and Estimation Method
- (1)
- Base model
- (2)
- Mediated effect model
3.2. Variable Selection
- (1)
- Explained variables:
- (2)
- Core explanatory variables:
- (3)
- Control variables:
- (4)
- Mediating variables:
3.3. Data Description and Statistical Characteristics
4. An Empirical Test of the Carbon Emission Reduction Effect in China’s Trade and Circulation Industry
4.1. Benchmark Regression
4.2. Robustness and Endogeneity Tests
- (1)
- Robustness Tests
- (2)
- Endogeneity test
4.3. Heterogeneity Test
- (1)
- Heterogeneity test based on different quartiles of carbon emission intensity
- (2)
- Based on the test of heterogeneity of different regions
4.4. Tests of Mediating Effects
- (1)
- Based on the intermediary effect test of the production side
- (2)
- Based on the mediation effect test of the consumption side
5. Research Findings, Policy Implications, and Research Outlook
5.1. Research Findings
5.2. Policy Implications
5.3. Research Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Indexes | Second Indexes | Index Measure Method |
---|---|---|
Scale of circulation industry (Distri1) | Per capita total retail sales of social consumer goods | Total retail sales of social consumer goods/Total resident population |
Total fixed assets investment per capita circulation industry at the end of the year | Total fixed asset investment/Total resident population at the end of the circulation industry | |
Commodity market turnover of more than CNY 100 million | Commodity market turnover of more than CNY 100 million | |
Structure of circulation industry (Distri2) | The proportion of urban unit employees in circulation industry in urban unit employees | Employment of urban units in circulation industry/Employment of urban units |
The added value of the circulation industry as a proportion of GDP | The added value of circulation industry/Gross domestic product | |
The added value of circulation industry accounts for the proportion of the added value of the tertiary industry | Value added of circulation industry/Value added of tertiary industry | |
Circulation industry efficiency (Distri3) | Wholesale and retail cost profit margins | Total profit of wholesale and retail industry/Cost of circulation industry |
Wholesale and retail inventory ratios | Total wholesale and retail inventory/Total wholesale and retail sales | |
Wholesale and retail turnover rate | Wholesale and retail business income/Average inventory balance | |
Circulation industry facilities (Distri4) | Number of circulation legal person enterprises | Number of corporate enterprises in circulation industry |
The number of commodity trading markets above CNY 100 million | The number of commodity trading markets above CNY 100 million | |
Average railway freight distance | Cargo turnover/Freight volume | |
Road network density | Highway mileage/Area | |
Highway quality | Class highway/Highway mileage |
Variable Name | Code | Observations | Mean | Standard | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon emission intensity | CRE | 300 | 2.3497 | 1.7376 | 0.1697 | 8.2880 |
Development level of the circulation industry | LCD | 300 | 0.2143 | 0.1040 | 0.0682 | 0.6068 |
Urbanization rate | UR | 300 | 0.5835 | 0.1253 | 0.3381 | 0.8960 |
Level of economic development | lnagdp | 300 | 12,612.81 | 7900.19 | 4756.41 | 47,118.4 |
Human capital scale | Labor | 300 | 0.0197 | 0.0054 | 0.0079 | 0.0412 |
Degree of openness | FDI | 300 | 0.2713 | 0.3065 | 0.0076 | 1.5482 |
Degree of government intervention | GOV | 300 | 0.2475 | 0.1030 | 0.1058 | 0.6430 |
Output scale | 300 | 9.8383 | 0.8483 | 7.4208 | 11.4882 | |
Industrial structure | IS | 300 | 0.8632 | 0.0527 | 0.7728 | 1.0423 |
Technological progress | TA | 300 | 1.8993 | 1.0461 | −0.1512 | 4.3092 |
Consumption structure of urban residents | UC | 300 | −1.1298 | 0.0924 | −1.3931 | −0.8888 |
Consumption structure of rural residents | RC | 300 | −1.1624 | 0.1799 | −1.6695 | −0.8003 |
Variable | (1) CRE | (2) CRE | (3) CRE | (4) CRE |
---|---|---|---|---|
PLOS | IFE | TFE | FE | |
LCD | −18.698 *** | −2.921 *** | −1.757 * | −1.571 * |
(−11.88) | (−3.34) | (−1.93) | (−1.76) | |
UR | 10.248 *** | −4.769 *** | −1.212 | −3.022 |
(6.43) | (−4.51) | (−0.69) | (−1.70) | |
lnagdp | 0.000 *** | −0.000 *** | −0.000 *** | −0.000 *** |
(5.25) | (−3.84) | (−2.90) | (−3.91) | |
Labor | −174.67 *** | −44.411 ** | −79.116 *** | −85.559 *** |
(−9.00) | (−2.37) | (−3.94) | (−4.20) | |
FDI | −3.804 *** | −0.137 | −0.127 | −0.213 |
(−7.92) | (−0.41) | (−0.31) | (−0.48) | |
GOV | −2.347 *** | 1.909 * | 3.403 *** | 2.492 ** |
(−2.34) | (2.04) | (3.73) | (2.55) | |
Time | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Region | No | Yes | No | Yes |
_cons | 3.487 *** | 10.968 *** | 5.408 *** | 10.124 *** |
(5.98) | (9.92) | (6.67) | (6.98) | |
N | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
r2 | 0.476 | 0.613 | 0.666 | 0.6742 |
Variable | Robustness Test | Endogeneity Test | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(2) CRE | (3) CRE | (4) PCEE | (5) CRE | (6) CRE | (7) CRE | ||
Take Logarithm | 2% Tail Reduction | 5% Tail Reduction | Replace the Explained Variable | Lag Core Explanatory Variables | |||
L.LCD | −2.676 ** | ||||||
−2.25 | |||||||
LCD | −0.857 *** | −1.614 * | −1.889 ** | −35.084 *** | −6.113 * | ||
(−4.00) | (−1.88) | (−2.31) | (−5.40) | (−1.71) | |||
IV | 0.043 ** | ||||||
(3.04) | |||||||
Control variable | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Time | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Region | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
_cons | 2.049 *** | 7.184 *** | 6.922 *** | −6.484 | 7.629 *** | −0.378 * | 10.343 *** |
(10.01) | (8.79) | (8.87) | (−1.04) | (7.65) | (−1.99) | (6.51) | |
N | 300 | 300 | 300 | 200 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
r2 | 0.809 | 0.690 | 0.697 | 0.368 | 0.607 | 0.948 | 0.973 |
Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) |
---|---|---|---|
CRE_0.25 | CRE_0.5 | CRE_0.75 | |
LCD | −3.406 ** | −8.437 *** | −14.578 *** |
(−2.26) | (−2.90) | (−3.96) | |
Control variable | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Time | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Region | Yes | Yes | Yes |
_cons | 0.925 | 1.595 | 2.007 |
(1.59) | (1.42) | (1.41) | |
N | 300 | 300 | 300 |
Variable | (1) CRE | (2) CRE | (3) CRE |
---|---|---|---|
Eastern | Central | Western | |
LCD | −0.055 ** | −10.158 *** | 0.520 |
(−0.06) | (−4.76) | (0.21) | |
Control variable | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Time | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Region | Yes | Yes | Yes |
_cons | 8.170 *** | 3.163 | 13.466 *** |
(7.47) | (1.56) | (4.28) | |
N | 109 | 101 | 90 |
r2 | 0.793 | 0.817 | 0.743 |
Explained Variable | LnOS (1) | IS (2) | TA (3) | CRE (4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LCD | 0.037 *** | 0.049 ** | 1.093 * | −6.003 *** |
(6.05) | (2.02) | (1.82) | (−3.52) | |
LnOS | −0.900 *** | |||
(−4.88) | ||||
IS | −1.219 * | |||
(−1.94) | ||||
TA | −0.193 * | |||
(−1.73) | ||||
Control variable | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Time | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Region | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
_cons | −0.299 *** | 0.077 | 0.085 *** | 14.434 *** |
(−4.15) | (1.21) | (3.28) | (5.20) | |
N | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
r2 | 0.361 | 0.800 | 0.786 | 0.400 |
Explained Variable | UC (1) | RC (2) | CRE (3) |
---|---|---|---|
LCD | −0.313 *** | 0.171 ** | −7.680 *** |
(−3.02) | (2.38) | (−4.74) | |
UC | 18.263 *** | ||
(5.21) | |||
RC | −3.890 * | ||
(−1.66) | |||
Control variable | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Time | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Region | Yes | Yes | Yes |
_cons | 0.284 *** | 0.094 *** | −2.419 ** |
(7.05) | (3.71) | (−2.21) | |
N | 300 | 300 | 300 |
r2 | 0.803 | 0.785 | 0.422 |
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Li, Q.; Su, Y.; Wang, Y. Study on the Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of China’s Commercial Circulation Industry. Sustainability 2024, 16, 6163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146163
Li Q, Su Y, Wang Y. Study on the Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of China’s Commercial Circulation Industry. Sustainability. 2024; 16(14):6163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146163
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Qiang, Yanwen Su, and Yafei Wang. 2024. "Study on the Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of China’s Commercial Circulation Industry" Sustainability 16, no. 14: 6163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146163