Biochar Prepared from Steam-Exploded Bitter Melon Vine for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Mechanism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Biochar from Bitter Melon Vine
2.2. Biochar Preparation Using Steam-Explosion-Assisted Pyrolysis
2.3. Characterization of Biochar from Bitter Melon Vine
2.4. Experiment of MB Adsorption on Biochar
2.4.1. Effect of pH on the Adsorption Performance of Biochar
2.4.2. Effect of Initial Dosage on the Adsorption Performance of Biochar
2.4.3. Adsorption Kinetics Experiment
2.4.4. Adsorption Thermodynamics Experiments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Biochars
3.1.1. Elemental Compositions of the Biochars
3.1.2. Infrared Spectral Analysis
3.1.3. SEM Analysis
3.1.4. Crystal Structure Analysis of the Biochars
3.1.5. Specific Surface Area and Pore Size Analysis of the Biochars
3.1.6. Effect of Preparation Conditions on the Adsorption Performance of Biochar
3.1.7. Effect of Initial Solution pH
3.1.8. Effect of Initial Biochar Dosage
3.1.9. Adsorption Kinetics
3.1.10. Adsorption Isotherms
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biochars | Elemental Composition (%) | O/C | H/C | (N + O)/C | S/C | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | C (%) | H (%) | O (%) | S (%) | |||||
qBC | 2.90 | 38.25 | 4.61 | 36.20 | 0.17 | 0.95 | 0.12 | 1.02 | 0.0044 |
qBC200 | 3.10 | 43.08 | 4.44 | 31.87 | 0.18 | 0.74 | 0.10 | 0.811 | 0.0042 |
qBC600 | 2.14 | 40.50 | 2.08 | 25.02 | 0.31 | 0.62 | 0.051 | 0.671 | 0.0076 |
BC0 | 2.61 | 40.97 | 5.21 | 41.65 | 0.07 | 1.02 | 0.13 | 1.080 | 0.0017 |
BC200 | 2.10 | 42.08 | 4.74 | 39.46 | 0.09 | 0.94 | 0.11 | 0.987 | 0.0021 |
Biochar | BET/(m2·g−1) | Total Pore Volume/cm3·g−1 | Average Pore Size/nm |
---|---|---|---|
BC200 | 3.0699 | 0.0026 | 3.5029 |
qBC200 | 4.2130 | 0.0052 | 3.9629 |
Biochar | qBC | qBC200 | qBC300 | qBC400 | qBC500 | qBC600 | BC | BC200 | BC300 | BC400 | BC500 | BC600 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yield (%) | _ | 76.64 | 46.5 | 39.18 | 33.3 | 29.19 | _ | 86.22 | 49.6 | 26.42 | 20.54 | 18.67 |
pH | 6.73 | 6.70 | 7.05 | 7.58 | 8.28 | 8.88 | 6.57 | 6.65 | 6.85 | 6.87 | 7.28 | 7.29 |
q (mg/g) | 85.02 | 253.20 | 116.00 | 76.21 | 13.04 | 5.30 | 85.02 | 81.23 | 96.06 | 59.09 | 51.68 | 42.84 |
Adsorbents | Pseudo-First Order Model | Pseudo-Second Order Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe (mg/g) | k1 | R2 | qe (mg/g) | k2 | R2 | |
MB | 120.84 | 2.810 | 0.9990 | 122.14 | 0.112 | 0.9999 |
T(K) | Langmuir | Freundlich | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qm (mg/g) | KL (L/mg) | R2 | KF | 1/n | R2 | |
298 | 267.72 | 0.5841 | 0.9560 | 123.66 | 0.22 | 0.9526 |
308 | 265.23 | 0.4314 | 0.9821 | 109.79 | 0.24 | 0.9602 |
318 | 258.01 | 0.3901 | 0.9749 | 104.81 | 0.24 | 0.9568 |
Biochar | Pyrolytic Temperature (°C) | Qe (mg/g) | References |
---|---|---|---|
Sawdust ozone biochar | 500 | 200 | [46] |
Sewage sludge and grape dreg biochar | 500 | 30.98 | [47] |
Rice straw biochar | 400 | 26.87 | [48] |
Orange peels biochar | 800 | 476 | [40] |
Banana biochar | 800 | 390 | [40] |
Silica-composited biochars from rice straw | 700 | 131.58 | [46] |
Silica-composited biochars from swine manure | 700 | 143.76 | [46] |
Bitter melon vine biochar | 200 | 267.72 | This work |
T (K) | K0 | lnK0 | ΔG0 (KJ/mol) | ΔH0 (KJ/mol) | ΔS0 (J/mol·K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
298 | 1.87 × 105 | 12.14 | −30.07 | −15.84 | 47.51 |
308 | 1.38 × 105 | 11.84 | −30.30 | ||
318 | 1.25 × 105 | 11.74 | −31.03 |
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Li, X.; Jia, H.; Jiang, L.; Mou, Z.; Zhang, B.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, Y. Biochar Prepared from Steam-Exploded Bitter Melon Vine for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Mechanism. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7278. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177278
Li X, Jia H, Jiang L, Mou Z, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Chen Y. Biochar Prepared from Steam-Exploded Bitter Melon Vine for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Mechanism. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7278. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177278
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xia, Hongyu Jia, Lihua Jiang, Zhengwei Mou, Bo Zhang, Zihui Zhang, and Yan Chen. 2024. "Biochar Prepared from Steam-Exploded Bitter Melon Vine for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Mechanism" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7278. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177278