Dual Transition of Net Zero Carbon and Digital Transformation: Case Study of UK Transportation Sector
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Systematic Review Steps
- Produce a research question.
- Create inclusion and exclusion criteria.
- Identify key terms.
- Produce a qualitative analysis of the literature with the specified criteria.
- Outline the findings of the literature review and relate them back to the research question.
3.2. Research Question
3.3. Reliability of Inclusion and Exclusion Data
3.4. General Analysis of Key Words
3.5. The Search Timeframe
3.6. Data Extraction
4. Literature Review
4.1. Carbon Reduction and BIM
4.2. BIM in Transportation Design
4.3. BIM Uptake and Usage in Transportation
4.4. BIM in Transportation Construction
4.5. Digital Twins and BIM
5. Results
5.1. Design Criteria
5.2. Software Modelling
5.3. Pavement Design
5.4. Carbon Calculation Tool (CCT)
5.5. Carbon Emissions Data
5.6. BIM Workflow
Software Deliverables
5.7. Data Links
6. Discussion
6.1. Software Usage
6.2. Approach to Net Zero Carbon
6.3. Carbon Calculator Tool
6.4. Civil 3D System
6.5. Digital Twin
7. Conclusions and Recommendations
7.1. Industry
7.2. Company
7.3. Policy
7.4. Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | Description/Considerations | |
---|---|---|
P | Population of interest and how is this described | Country, race, gender, disability status |
I | Intervention | What is and what is not required as part of the intervention |
C | Comparison | What alternative is the intervention being compared to? |
O | Outcome | What is the expected outcome of the study? |
Component | Description/Considerations | |
---|---|---|
P | Population | United Kingdom’s Transportation Sector |
I | Intervention | Reviewing Building Information Modelling practises for sustainability improvements in infrastructure projects |
C | Comparison | United Kingdom Transportation Sector’s current Carbon Emissions |
O | Outcome | Net Zero Carbon in the United Kingdom’s Transport Sector |
Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria | |
---|---|---|
Date | 2009 to date | Prior to 2009 |
Geographical Location | United Kingdom, America, Europe, China | Not located within geographical locations highlighted in ‘inclusion data’ |
Language | English | Paper not in English |
Type | Original Research papers and textbooks | Informal/non-scientific data |
Publications | Conference proceedings, government reports, peer-reviewed articles, websites, published books, government government reports, professional interviews | Documents focussing on technical elements of transportation, BIM & Net Zero Carbon |
Participants | Professionals, organisations using BIM | Non-professionals and those with no knowledge of BIM |
Design | Quantitive, qualitative, case studies and surveys | Information documentation |
Focus | Study must include information regarding BIM and its use to reduce carbon and GHGs or how to contribute towards Net Zero Carbon | Studies with limited or no information regarding Net Zero Carbon |
Duration (Weeks) | Phase |
---|---|
1 | Preparation and development of review protocol |
1 | Identifying relevant studies |
1 | Inclusion and exclusion assessment |
2 | Analysis of findings |
2 | Producing literature review |
1 | Conclusion and recommendations |
Author(s) | Document Type | Data Information | Produced in |
---|---|---|---|
Blanco and Chen [23] | Journal article | Summary of the benefits and drawbacks of BIM when applied to the design, building and management of infrastructure projects in the UK | UK |
Omoregie and Turnbull [24] | Journal article | A comparative study of traditional design methods against the use of BIM on a UK highway-related project. A qualitative study which included a questionnaire for Civil Engineering professionals. | UK |
Sanchez et al. [25] | Book | A study into the benefits of utilising BIM on infrastructure projects. The study highlights various literature documents to support the use of BIM and introduces its benefits and contributions towards sustainability. | Australia |
Liu, van Nederveen and Hertogh [26] | Conference paper | An exploratory study into the links between BIM and sustainability with comparisons between Europe and China. The study identifies that BIM is more applied to maintenance and renovations in Europe compared to China, which is seen to be a more emerging economy, who has more of a BIM-related focus on new infrastructure. | Holland |
Zhao, Liu and Mbachu [27] | Case study | This study suggests that using BIM can enable designers to identify the most optimal design for large highway design schemes, which can therefore enable a more environmentally friendly design. The approach was applied to a design project and allowed designers to identify optimal designs quicker than traditional methods. | Holland |
D’Amico et al. [28] | Journal article | A study of the application of BIM and GIS for airport designs. A case study of airport design was conducted with strong reference to Italian/European law. | Italy |
Whitlock et al. [29] | Journal article | A study aimed at identifying how BIM can be used for logistic management of construction projects. | UK |
Schooling, Enzer and Broo [30] | Journal article | An ICE publication that identifies the need to see infrastructure as a benefit to people as opposed to cost-based metrics. As such, the paper suggests the environmental outcomes of infrastructure using BIM and how this can therefore contribute towards ‘human flourishing’. | UK |
Chong et al. [31] | Journal article | A case study of a highway-related project in Australia and China. A BIM process was applied to the projects and found significant findings to suggest that using BIM was beneficial to the projects and found elements of sustainable practises to improve the project efficiency. | USA |
Shou et al. [32] | Journal article | A study mainly based around the use of BIM in the building sector but demonstrates the progress required for BIM in infrastructure which can contribute towards more efficient design and construction. | Holland |
Shahat, Hyun and Yeom [33] | Generic | A study conducted on how to identify the benefits of Digital Twins and how BIM can contribute to the production of a Digital Twin. | Korea |
Wang, Zhang and Qin [34] | Journal article | A study of Digital Twins that suggests only using BIM may have limitations and reports how the use of GS alone could provide just as relevant information. | China |
S. Ivanov et al. [35] | Conference proceeding | A study providing the concept of a Digital Twin City and its impact on the environment using advanced technologies. | Russia |
Jiang et al. [36] | Journal article | This article describes the differences between BIM and Digital Twins, concluding that BIM and DT can be combined and used simultaneously and confirming that DTs can promote and develop smart construction, which therefore can lead to a more efficient/environmentally friendly design through the effective use of BIM. | UK |
The institute of Engineering and Technology [37] | Report | An in-depth overview of Digital Twins and their primary functions whilst also reviewing how they can be implemented and what benefits they can bring, of which sustainable construction is identified. | UK |
Kaewunruen and Ningfang [38] | Case study | Case study into the application of 6D BIM (DT) to Kings Cross Railway station. The study suggests there are benefits to using DTs to capture existing carbon footprints of railway infrastructure. | UK |
Kivimäki and Heikkilä [39] | Book | A paper reviewing the application of BIM-related project quality control, demonstrating the use of BIM during live construction to improve construction efficiency. | Finland |
Matejka [40] | Journal article | A study conducted to identify how BIM can improve highway construction and who the main beneficiaries are. | Czech Republic |
Highway Scenario | Design Approach | Cross Section Layout Derived From | Horizontal Curvature Derived From | Vertical Curvature Derived From |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dual 4-lane motorway (D4M) | Design at grade | Design Manual for Roads and Bridges CD 127 Version 1.0.1 Figure 2.1.1N1a | Design Manual for Roads and Bridges CD 109 Revision 1 Table 2.1 | Design Manual for Roads and Bridges CD 109 Revision 1 Table 2.1 |
minimal vertical curvature with one low point | ||||
Dual 2-lane all-purpose (D2AP) | Design at grade | Design Manual for Roads and Bridges CD 127 Version 1.0.1 Figure 2.1.1N1e | ||
minimal vertical curvature with one low point |
Design Option | Option Description | Embodied CO2 (Tonnes) |
---|---|---|
D2AP—Dual 2-Lane all purpose—Option 1 | At grade two-lane dual carriageway design | 193.22 |
D2AP—Dual 2-Lane all purpose—Option 2 | Two-lane Dual Carriageway design with minimal curvature | 212.91 |
D4M—Dual 4-Lane motorway—Option 1 | At grade-four lane motorway design | 335 |
D4M—Dual 4-Lane motorway—Option 2 | Four-lane motorway design with minimal curvature | 306.85 |
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Manifold, J.; Renukappa, S.; Suresh, S.; Georgakis, P.; Perera, G.R. Dual Transition of Net Zero Carbon and Digital Transformation: Case Study of UK Transportation Sector. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7852. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177852
Manifold J, Renukappa S, Suresh S, Georgakis P, Perera GR. Dual Transition of Net Zero Carbon and Digital Transformation: Case Study of UK Transportation Sector. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7852. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177852
Chicago/Turabian StyleManifold, Joel, Suresh Renukappa, Subashini Suresh, Panagiotis Georgakis, and Gamage Rashini Perera. 2024. "Dual Transition of Net Zero Carbon and Digital Transformation: Case Study of UK Transportation Sector" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7852. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177852