Automatic Power Direction Control of Dual Active Bridge/Triple Active Bridge Converter in Emergency Energy Supply for Sustainability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Principle of Power Direction of DAB/TAB Converters
2.1. DAB Converter
2.2. TAB Converter
3. Automatic Power Direction Control Method of DAB/TAB Converter
3.1. DAB Converter
3.2. TAB Converter
- MS = 1, power transfers from port 1 to port 2 and port 3.
- MS = 2, power transfers from port 1 and port 2 to port 3.
- MS = 3, power transfers from port 2 and port 3 to port 1.
- MS = 4, power transfers from port 2 to port 3 and there is no power transmission at port 1.
4. Simulation Results
4.1. DAB Converter
4.2. TAB Converter
4.2.1. When V1 Is within Acceptable Voltage Range
4.2.2. When V1 Is Not within Acceptable Voltage Range
4.3. Discussion
4.3.1. DAB Converter
4.3.2. TAB Converter
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Zhou, B.; Gu, L.; Ding, Y.; Shao, L.; Wu, Z.; Yang, X.; Li, C.; Li, Z.; Wang, X.; Cao, Y.; et al. The Great 2008 Chinese Ice Storm: Its Socioeconomic–Ecological Impact and Sustainability Lessons Learned. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, 92, 47–60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Byrd, H.; Matthewman, S. Exergy and the City: The Technology and Sociology of Power (Failure). J. Urban Technol. 2014, 21, 85–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Buragohain, B.; Mahanta, P.; Moholkar, V.S. Biomass gasification for decentralized power generation: The Indian perspective. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2010, 14, 73–92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Graham, S.; Thrift, N. Out of Order. Theory Cult. Soc. 2007, 24, 1–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nie, Y.; Xu, H.; Hu, Y.; Ye, X. Energy Router for Emergency Energy Supply in Urban Cities: A Review. Power Electron. Drives 2022, 7, 246–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhutto, J.K. Augmented Two-Stage Hierarchical Controller for Distributed Power Generation System Powered by Renewable Energy: Development and Performance Analysis. Sustainability 2024, 16, 5872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yue, W.; Zhao, C.; Lu, Y.; Li, G. A scheme of connecting microgird to AC grid via flexi-ble power electronics interface. In Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology, Hangzhou, China, 24–28 October 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, Y.; Li, C.; Zhao, M.; Xu, S.; Gao, H.; Song, L. Model Design on Emergency Power Supply of Electric Vehicle. Math. Probl. Eng. 2017, 2017, 9697051. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Benhammou, A.; Tedjini, H.; Hartani, M.A.; Ghoniem, R.M.; Alahmer, A. Accurate and Efficient Energy Management System of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor/AC and DC Generators Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Sustainability 2023, 15, 10102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bulatov, Y.; Kryukov, A.; Suslov, K. Isolated Power Supply System with Energy Routers and Re-newable Energy Sources. Vestnik IzhGTU Im. MT Kalashnikova 2021, 23, 124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bai, W.; Wang, D.; Miao, Z.; Sun, X.; Yu, J.; Xu, J.; Pan, Y. The Design and Application of Microgrid Supervisory System for Commercial Buildings Considering Dynamic Converter Efficiency. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6413. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, S.; Xiong, L.; Zhou, Y.; Gao, F.; Jia, Q.; Li, X.; Li, X.; Wang, Z.; Khan, M.W. Robust Distributed Fixed-Time Fault-Tolerant Control for Shipboard Microgrids with Actuator Fault. IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrif. 2024. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wen, H.; Li, J.; Shi, H.; Hu, Y.; Yang, Y. Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control of Dual-Active-Bridge Converter with Triple-Phase Shift Control for Bidirectional EV Charging Systems. IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrif. 2021, 7, 287–303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, Z.; Wang, Q.; Xiao, L.; Wu, Q. A Simple Sensorless Current Sharing Control for Input-Parallel Output-Parallel Dual Active Bridge Converters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2021, 69, 10819–10833. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, G.; Deng, Y.; Wang, K.; Hu, Y.; Jiang, L.; Wen, H.; He, X. Topology Derivation and Analysis of Integrated Multiple Output Isolated DC–DC Converters With Stacked Configuration for Low-Cost Applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 2017, 64, 2207–2218. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, G.; Deng, Y.; Chen, L.; Hu, Y.; Jiang, L.; He, X.; Wang, Y. A Family of Zero-Voltage-Switching Magnetic Coupling Nonisolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2017, 64, 6223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.; Chen, G.; Hu, Y.; Huang, L.; Qing, X. Magnetic Coupling Branch Based Dual-Input/Output DC-DC Converters with Improved Cross-Regulation and Soft-Switching Operation. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2020, 67, 7167–7178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krismer, F.; Kolar, J.W. Efficiency-Optimized High-Current Dual Active Bridge Converter for Automotive Applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2011, 59, 2745–2760. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yu, Y.; Masumoto, K.; Wada, K.; Kado, Y. Power flow control of a triple active bridge DC-DC converter using GaN power devices for a low-voltage DC power distribution system. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017—ECCE Asia), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 4–7 June 2017; pp. 772–777. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, B.; Song, Q.; Liu, W. A Practical Solution of High-Frequency-Link Bidirectional Solid-State Transformer Based on Advanced Components in Hybrid Microgrid. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2014, 62, 4587–4597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nie, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, Y. Integrated Power/Signal Transmission in Triple Active Bridge Converters Based on Partial Power. In Proceedings of the Energy Routers. 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), Haining, China, 28–31 October 2022. [Google Scholar]
- Bai, H.; Mi, C. Eliminate Reactive Power and Increase System Efficiency of Isolated Bidirectional Dual-Active-Bridge DC–DC Converters Using Novel Dual-Phase-Shift Control. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2008, 23, 2905–2914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Choi, W.; Rho, K.-M.; Cho, B.-H. Fundamental Duty Modulation of Dual-Active-Bridge Converter for Wide-Range Operation. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2016, 31, 4048–4064. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lu, J.; Bai, K.; Taylor, A.R.; Liu, G.; Brown, A.; Johnson, P.M.; McAmmond, M. A Modular-Designed Three-Phase High-Efficiency High-Power-Density EV Battery Charger Using Dual/Triple-Phase-Shift Control. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2018, 33, 8091–8100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, T.; Yang, X.; Chen, W.; Li, Y.; Xuan, Y.; Huang, L.; Hao, X. Design and Implementation of High Efficiency Control Scheme of Dual Active Bridge Based 10 kV/1 MW Solid State Transformer for PV Application. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2019, 34, 4223–4238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shao, S.; Chen, H.; Wu, X.; Zhang, J.; Sheng, K. Circulating Current and ZVS-on of a Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter: A Review. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 50561–50572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gu, J.; Zhao, R.; He, J.; Xu, J.; Yan, Q.; Sun, C.; Liu, H. Enhanced Excitation Converter with Parallel/Series DC-Link Based on TAB for DFIG to Improve the LVRT Capability Under Severe Grid Faults. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2023, 38, 12304–12308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shao, S.; Chen, L.; Shan, Z.; Gao, F.; Chen, H.; Sha, D.; Dragičević, T. Modeling and Advanced Control of Dual-Active-Bridge DC–DC Converters: A Review. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2021, 37, 1524–1547. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, K.; Troitzsch, S.; Hanif, S.; Hamacher, T. Coordinated Market Design for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trade and Ancillary Services in Distribution Grids. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2020, 11, 2929–2941. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Prajapati, R.K.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, R. Investigation on Photovoltaic Cells with Battery Integration. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Computer, Electronics & Electrical Engineering & Their Applications (IC2E3), Srinagar Garhwal, India, 8–9 June 2023. [Google Scholar]
- Park, S.-H.; Kim, I.-D.; Song, S.-M.; Kim, J. Design of Battery Charger and Discharger using Series-input and Parallel-output connected DAB Converter. In Proceedings of the 2022 25th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Chiang Mai, Thailand, 29 November–2 December 2022. [Google Scholar]
Parameter Name | Parameter Value |
---|---|
V1/V2 (Battery pack voltages) | 180/200 V |
SOC1/SOC2 (Initial SOC) | 50% |
N (Transformer turns ratio) | 1 |
fsp (Switching Frequency) | 50 kHz |
L (Series inductance) | 82 μH |
C1/C2 (Series capacitance) | 50 μF |
SOC2max/SOC2min (Maximum and minimum SOC) | 60/40% |
Initial value of MS | 1 |
Parameter Name | Parameter Value |
---|---|
V1/V2/V3 (Port voltages) | 180/180/180 V |
SOC2/SOC3 (Initial SOC) | 50% |
N1:N2:N3 (Transformer turns ratio) | 1:1:1 |
L1/L2/L3 (Series inductance) | 300 μH |
fsp (Switching Frequency) | 50 kHz |
Maximum2 (Maximum SOC of port 1) | 60% |
Minimum2 (Minimum SOC of port 1) | 5% |
Maximum3 (Maximum SOC of port 2) | 91% |
Minimum3 (Minimum SOC of port 2) | 77% |
Initial value of MS | 1 |
Parameter Name | Parameter Value |
---|---|
V1/V2/V3 (Port voltages) | 100/180/180 V |
SOC2/SOC3 (Initial state of charge) | 50% |
N1:N2:N3 (Transformer turns ratio) | 1:1:1 |
L1/L2/L3 (Series inductance) | 300 μH |
fsp (Switching Frequency) | 50 kHz |
Initial value of MS | 1 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Nie, Y.; Zhang, X.; Hu, Y.; Nasr Esfahani, M. Automatic Power Direction Control of Dual Active Bridge/Triple Active Bridge Converter in Emergency Energy Supply for Sustainability. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7932. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16187932
Nie Y, Zhang X, Hu Y, Nasr Esfahani M. Automatic Power Direction Control of Dual Active Bridge/Triple Active Bridge Converter in Emergency Energy Supply for Sustainability. Sustainability. 2024; 16(18):7932. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16187932
Chicago/Turabian StyleNie, Yu, Xiaotian Zhang, Yihua Hu, and Mohammad Nasr Esfahani. 2024. "Automatic Power Direction Control of Dual Active Bridge/Triple Active Bridge Converter in Emergency Energy Supply for Sustainability" Sustainability 16, no. 18: 7932. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16187932