Sustainable Tourism Development in Jeddah: Protecting Cultural Heritage While Promoting Travel Destination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Theoretical Framework
4. Tourism in Jeddah
5. Methodology
6. Results
6.1. Qualitative Analysis
- Cluster 1—Economic Growth
- Cluster 2—Heritage Value
- Cluster 3—Overtourism
- Cluster 4—Travel Experience
6.2. Observations
- Provided tourism services:
“The house offers two luxurious rooms, each offering offers and style. You also have multiple lounge areas where traditional Arabian design merges with contemporary comfort. We offer dedicated guest bathrooms for convenience, ensuring comfort and accessibility throughout your stay”.
- Authenticity of the place:
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
9. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Sustainable Heritage Tourism in Jeddah—Interviews
- Gender *
- o
- Male
- o
- Female
- Age *
- o
- 20–29
- o
- 30–39
- o
- 40–49
- o
- Over 50
- Job *
- o
- Tourism
- o
- Education
- o
- Employee
- o
- Authority
- Duration of the experience *
- o
- Less than 1 year
- o
- 1–3 years
- o
- 5–7 years
- o
- More than 10 years
- What is the link between Historic Jeddah and you? *
- o
- Residence
- o
- Tourism
- o
- Business
- o
- Volunteer
- o
- Family
- o
- Visit
- If you are a tourist, what kind of visitor are you? *
- o
- International Tourist
- o
- Cruise Traveler
- o
- MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Conference, Event)
- o
- Leisure
- o
- International Tourists living in Jeddah
- o
- Local Jeddah Citizen
- o
- Saudi Citizen
- Why are you in Jeddah? *
- o
- UNESCO
- o
- Part of the tour
- o
- Culture and memory
- o
- Seasonal event
- o
- Other
- Would you be in favor of increasing the number of daily presences to allow a more significant number of tourists to visit Historic Jeddah? *
- o
- Yes
- o
- No
- What would you allocate an extra budget to (referring to Historic Jeddah)? *
- How would you evaluate the presence of private sponsors in promoting public assets? *
- How do you consider the state of conservation of the monuments? *
- What do you think of limiting access to some areas for heritage protection? *
- Would it be interesting to learn about the work of the restorers while visiting Historic Jeddah? *
- What do you feel about seeing some parts of Historic Jeddah completely rebuilt? *
- Would you donate a symbolic sum (USD 1) to conserve and restore part of Historic Jeddah? *
- o
- Yes
- o
- No
- Does the expense of your stay in Historic Jeddah seem fair to you, considering your experience in this historic place? *
- How do you evaluate the presence of tourist services personnel in the area according to the planned activities? *
- Which tourist services are particularly beneficial for your stay in Historic Jeddah? *
- How much do you think staff training can affect cultural heritage’s direct and indirect promotion? *
- How could you be involved in the promotion and protection of Historic Jeddah? *
- What is the building you most remember? *
- What did you see in Historic Jeddah? *
- How do you evaluate Historic Jeddah? *
- What does cultural heritage mean to you?
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The City | The Destinations | Number of Visitors | |
---|---|---|---|
Name | Type | ||
Riyadh | Diriyah—Winter Season | Cultural (UNESCO listed) | 5 million [106] |
Boulevards | Recreational | ||
Al-Ula | Al-Ula (Old Village) | Cultural | 250,000 [107] |
Hegra | Cultural (UNESCO listed) | ||
Dadan and Ekma | Natural | ||
Elephant Rock | Natural | ||
Jeddah | Historic Jeddah | Cultural (UNESCO listed) | 5.5 million [108] |
Corniche promenade | Natural/Recreational | ||
The city walk | Recreational |
Population of Study Area | Minimum | Recommended |
---|---|---|
Under 50,000 | 1 in 10 | 1 in 5 |
50,000–150,000 | 1 in 20 | 1 in 8 |
300,000–500,000 | 1 in 50 | 1 in 15 |
500,000–1,000,000 | 1 in 70 | 1 in 20 |
Over 1 million | 1 in 100 | 1 in 25 |
Precepted Economic Values | |
---|---|
Human resources | “I think it’s essential to train the staff on the cultural heritage for them to promote properly the site” (I, 7) |
Expenditure | “Currently, housing prices in historic Jeddah are considered high, but in the near future we aspire for prices to be lower” (I, 11) “It is considered expensive, and not affordable for everybody” (I, 4) “Too expensive compared to the other places in the world and the facilities are not yet available for the international tourists” (I, 9) |
Tourist services | “I am happy to see the huge number of workers working under one goal: “Jeddah is our identity” (I, 3) “Too light if you want to attract tourists. But the organization during Ramada seems good” (I, 9) |
Heritage | |
---|---|
State of conservation | “Per on the nature of what’s going on in historical Jeddah, I believe the conservation process started late, yet it’s more valued to keep what’s remained…” (I, 8) “The Historic Jeddah Project is making great efforts on this subject, which has a major role in preserving the region’s treasures and antiquities” (I, 3) “As a priority to preserve the traditional material to keep the heritage approach” (I, 9) |
Presence of private sponsors | “It has a contributing role in raising awareness of the region and its sustainability” (I, 3) “It could be an option and an opportunity” (I, 4) “In the end, it’s a business strategy for increasing the tourism revenues…” (I, 8) |
Cultural values | “It means a lot. We must all be interested in our heritage to be inspired by our ancestral techniques and knowledge to combine the present and the past” (I, 7) “It is true Saudi authenticity” (I, 11) “It means a lot to know the nobility, originality, customs, and traditions of peoples and nations and their differences and similarities. And watch the continuous ones and the ones that disappear. It means understanding it, respecting it, and not denouncing it” (I, 14) |
Main Reasons for Limiting Access to Tourists | |
---|---|
Preserving heritage | “Limiting the number of visitors per entry helps preserve it. Not a ban” (I, 14) “Restricting entry in a way that ensures the preservation and sustainability of the area’s antiquities” (I, 3) “I think it’s important to limit the access in some areas to protect some specific buildings” (I, 7) |
Preserving memory | “Most Saudis, especially the new generation, lack a sense of belonging to their history isn’t taking that space in their life; it’s more reflected as a trend other than the scenes of belonging to a certain history” (I, 8) |
Preserving local ancient traditions | “Important to keep life and activities as per the past” (I, 9) |
Sentiment Analysis Values | |
---|---|
Beauty | “… to discover its beauty and identity that remains today” (I, 3) |
History | “I saw the ancestors… I saw the glories… I saw history… I saw the ruins” (I, 11) |
Authenticity | “An authentic urban heritage, to which thousands flock around the clock” (I, 3) |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Sampieri, S.; Bagader, M. Sustainable Tourism Development in Jeddah: Protecting Cultural Heritage While Promoting Travel Destination. Sustainability 2024, 16, 9148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219148
Sampieri S, Bagader M. Sustainable Tourism Development in Jeddah: Protecting Cultural Heritage While Promoting Travel Destination. Sustainability. 2024; 16(21):9148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219148
Chicago/Turabian StyleSampieri, Sara, and Mohammed Bagader. 2024. "Sustainable Tourism Development in Jeddah: Protecting Cultural Heritage While Promoting Travel Destination" Sustainability 16, no. 21: 9148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219148