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Peer-Review Record

Experimental Study on the Influence of Real-Time Temperature Cycling on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Granite

Sustainability 2024, 16(5), 1724; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051724
by Chun Li 1,*, Chunwang Zhang 2, Yaoqing Hu 3 and Gan Feng 4
Reviewer 1: Anonymous
Reviewer 2:
Yaxun Xiao
Reviewer 3: Anonymous
Reviewer 5:
Enrico Destefanis
Sustainability 2024, 16(5), 1724; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051724
Submission received: 26 December 2023 / Revised: 2 February 2024 / Accepted: 7 February 2024 / Published: 20 February 2024

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

This manuscript studies the influence of real-time temperature cycling on physical and mechanical properties of granite. The changes of apparent color, longitudinal wave velocity, elastic modulus, UCS and damage characteristics of two types of granite specimens are revealed. The results obtained are meaningful and well presented. Some minor issues need to be clarified and further improved. My suggestions are listed as follow:

1. In the article, formatting issues need attention, for example：Picture 2 should be under the text explanation.

2. Figure.4 The font size of the header is inconsistent with the font size of other diagrams.

3. Please add references from the last three years.

4. The layout should be modified with the guidelines of journal, and some details needs further improved. For example, XU X L，M. KARAKUS. A coupled thermo-mechanical damage model for granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2018，103：195–204.

5. The text size in the picture is too large, it is recommended to modify.

6. Please check the missing provinces in author information 1 and 4.

7. What is the basis for setting the heating rate in the article?

8. After comparing the two cooling methods of natural and water cooling, how do you set the cooling rate?

9. How does the article distinguish between intergranular failure and transgranular failure?

10. It is suggested that the introduction should be reorganized and some references should be added to make the originality and research importance of the manuscript more prominent.

Author Response

  1. In the article, formatting issues need attention, for example：Picture 2 should be under the text explanation.

Response 1:Thank you for pointing this out. Line 98

Water cooling

Natural cooling

Figure.2. Untreated standard sample

  1. 4 The font size of the header is inconsistent with the font size of other diagrams.

Response 2: Thank you for pointing this out. Line 186.All are changed to small five font.

 

Fig.4 Typical stress-strain curve of granite in natural state

3.Please add references from the last three years.

Response 3: Thank you for pointing this out.

Reference：

  1. Song et al., 2021; Song, H.B., Pei, H.F., Zhu, H.H., 2021. Monitoring of tunnel excavation based on the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology. Measurement 169, 108334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108334.
  2. Zhang, C.C., Zhu, H.H., Liu, S.P., et al., 2018. A kinematic method for calculating shear displacements of landslides using distributed fiber optic strain measurements. Eng. Geol. 234, 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.01.002.
  3. Onoe, H., Ishibashi, M., Ozaki, Y., Iwatsuki, T., 2021. Development of modeling methodology for hydrogeological heterogeneity of the deep fractured granite in Japan. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 144, 104737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104737.
  4. Yasuhara, H., Polak, A., Mitani, Y., Grader, A.S., Halleck, P.M., Elsworth, D., 2006. Evolution of fracture permeability through fluid-rock reaction under hydrothermal conditions. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 244, 186–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.046.
  5. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., 2017. An experimental study on deformation and failure mechanical behavior of granite containing a single fissure under different confining pressures. Environ. Earth Sci. 76 (10), e364.
  6. Lund, J.W., Toth, A.N., 2020. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2020 worldwide review. Geothermics, 101915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101915.
  7. Wu, H., Fu, P., Frone, Z., White, M.D., Ajo-franklin, J.B., Morris, J.P., et al. (2019). Modeling heat transport processes in enhanced geothermal systems: A validation study from EGS Collab Experiment 1. Geothermics 97, 102254.
  8. Li, T.C., Du, Y.T., Zhu, Q.W., et al., 2021. Experimental study on strength properties, fracture patterns, and permeability behaviors of sandstone containing two filled fissures under triaxial compression. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 80, 5921–5938.
  9. Qian Yin, Richeng Liu, Hongwen Jing, et al. Experimental study of nonlinear flow behaviors through fractured rock samples after high temperature exposure, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52, 2963-2983.
  10. Víctor Martínez-Ibáñez, María Elvira Garrido, Carlos Hidalgo Signes, Roberto Tomás. Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain). Construction and Building Materials 286 (2021) 122960
  11. Zhu, T.T., Jing, H.W., Su, H.J., et al., 2016. Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures. Int. J. Min.Sci. Technol. 26 (2), 319–325.
  12. Gan Feng, Xiaochuan Wang, Yong Kang, Zetian Zhang. Effect of thermal cycling-dependent cracks on physical and mechanical properties of granite for enhanced geothermal system. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2020, 134, 104476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104476
  13. Fu, P., Hao, Y., Walsh, S.D.C., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in fractured geothermal reservoirs. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49(3), 1001-1024.
  14. Guo, B., Fu, P., Hao, Y., Peters, C.A., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in a single fracture in EGS. Geothermics 61, 46-62.
  15. Slatlem Vik, H., Salimzadeh, S., Nick, H.M. (2018). Heat recovery from multiple-fracture enhanced geothermal systems: The effect of thermoelastic fracture interactions. Renewable Energy 121, 606-622.

16 Chen, Y., Zhao, Z. (2020). Heat transfer in a 3D rough rock fracture with heterogeneous apertures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 134,104445.

  1. McLean, M., Espinoza, D.N. (2022). Thermal destressing: Implications for short-circuiting in enhanced geothermal systems. Renewable Energy 202, 736-755.
  2. Zhou, D., Tatomir, A., Niemi, A., Tsang, C.F., Sautera, M. (2022). Study on the influence of randomly distributed fracture aperture in a fracture network on heat production from an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). Energy 250, 123781.
  3. Han, S., Cheng, Y., Gao, Q., Yan, C., Zhang, J. (2019). Numerical study on heat extraction performance of multistage fracturing Enhanced Geothermal System. Renewable Energy 149, 1214-1226.
  4. Shi, Y., Song, X., Li, J., Wang, G., Zheng, R., YuLong, F. (2019). Numerical investigation on heat extraction performance of a multilateral-well enhanced geothermal system with a discrete fracture network. Fuel 244, 207-226.
  5. Wu, J.Y., Feng, M.M., Han, G.S., et al., 2019. Loading rate and confining pressure effect on dilatancy, acoustic emission, and failure characteristics of fissured rock with two pre- existing flaws. Compt. Rendus Mec. 347 (1), 62–89.
  6. Zhang, L., He, J., Wang, H., Cen, X. (2022). Study on heat extraction characteristics in a rock fracture for the application of enhanced geothermal systems. Geothermics 106, 102563.
  7. Gan Feng, Chun Zhu, Xiaochuan Wang, Shibin Tang. Thermal effects on prediction accuracy of dense granite mechanical behaviors using modified maximum tangential stress criterion. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2023, 15(7), 1734–1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.12.003
  8. Al-Ameen, Y., Ianakiev, A., Evans, R., 2018. Recycling construction and industrial landfill waste material for backfill in horizontal ground heat exchanger systems. Energy 151, 556–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.095.
  9. Zhang, X., Zhao, M., Liu, L., Huan, C., Zhao, Y., Qi, C., Song, K.-I., 2020. Numerical simulation on heat storage performance of backfill body based on tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Construct. Build. Mater. 265, 120340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120340.
  10. Huang, D., Yan, Z.D., Zhong, Z., et al., 2021. Experimental study on failure behaviour of ligaments between strike-inconsistent fissure pairs under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 54, 1257–1275.
  11. Konstantinos S，Stergiani K，Dimitrios P，et al. Suggested methods for determining tensile strength of rock materials. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，1978，15：99–103.
  12. Yang, S.Q., Jiang, Y.Z., Xu, W.Y., et al., 2008. Experimental investigation on strength and failure behavior of pre-cracked marble under conventional triaxial compression. Int. J. Solid Struct. 45 (17), 4796–4819.
  13. Huang, Y., Kong, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhu, C., Zhang, J., Wang, J., 2023. Evaluating the long- term sustainability of geothermal energy utilization from deep coal mines. Geothermics 107, 102584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102584.
  14. Yang, S.Q., 2016. Experimental study on deformation, peak strength and crack damage behavior of hollow sandstone under conventional triaxial compression. Eng. Geol.213, 11–24.
  15. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., Tian, W.L., et al., 2019. Effect of high temperature on deformation failure behavior of granite specimen containing a single fissure under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 52, 2087–2107.
  16. Xu X L，M. Karakus. A coupled thermo-mechanical damage model for granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2018，103：195–204.
  17. Zhu Dong，Zong Yijiang，Zhang Xiufeng. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Granite Under Cyclic Heating and Water Cooling[J/OL]. Mining Research and Development，1–6.
  18. The layout should be modified with the guidelines of journal, and some details needs further improved.For example, XU X L， KARAKUS. A coupled thermo-mechanical damage model for granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2018，103：195–204.

Response 3: Thank you for pointing this out.

Reference：

  1. Song et al., 2021; Song, H.B., Pei, H.F., Zhu, H.H., 2021. Monitoring of tunnel excavation based on the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology. Measurement 169, 108334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108334.
  2. Zhang, C.C., Zhu, H.H., Liu, S.P., et al., 2018. A kinematic method for calculating shear displacements of landslides using distributed fiber optic strain measurements. Eng. Geol. 234, 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.01.002.
  3. Onoe, H., Ishibashi, M., Ozaki, Y., Iwatsuki, T., 2021. Development of modeling methodology for hydrogeological heterogeneity of the deep fractured granite in Japan. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 144, 104737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104737.
  4. Yasuhara, H., Polak, A., Mitani, Y., Grader, A.S., Halleck, P.M., Elsworth, D., 2006. Evolution of fracture permeability through fluid-rock reaction under hydrothermal conditions. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 244, 186–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.046.
  5. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., 2017. An experimental study on deformation and failure mechanical behavior of granite containing a single fissure under different confining pressures. Environ. Earth Sci. 76 (10), e364.
  6. Lund, J.W., Toth, A.N., 2020. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2020 worldwide review. Geothermics, 101915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101915.
  7. Wu, H., Fu, P., Frone, Z., White, M.D., Ajo-franklin, J.B., Morris, J.P., et al. (2019). Modeling heat transport processes in enhanced geothermal systems: A validation study from EGS Collab Experiment 1. Geothermics 97, 102254.
  8. Li, T.C., Du, Y.T., Zhu, Q.W., et al., 2021. Experimental study on strength properties, fracture patterns, and permeability behaviors of sandstone containing two filled fissures under triaxial compression. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 80, 5921–5938.
  9. Qian Yin, Richeng Liu, Hongwen Jing, et al. Experimental study of nonlinear flow behaviors through fractured rock samples after high temperature exposure, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52, 2963-2983.
  10. Víctor Martínez-Ibáñez, María Elvira Garrido, Carlos Hidalgo Signes, Roberto Tomás. Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain). Construction and Building Materials 286 (2021) 122960
  11. Zhu, T.T., Jing, H.W., Su, H.J., et al., 2016. Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures. Int. J. Min.Sci. Technol. 26 (2), 319–325.
  12. Gan Feng, Xiaochuan Wang, Yong Kang, Zetian Zhang. Effect of thermal cycling-dependent cracks on physical and mechanical properties of granite for enhanced geothermal system. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2020, 134, 104476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104476
  13. Fu, P., Hao, Y., Walsh, S.D.C., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in fractured geothermal reservoirs. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49(3), 1001-1024.
  14. Guo, B., Fu, P., Hao, Y., Peters, C.A., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in a single fracture in EGS. Geothermics 61, 46-62.
  15. Slatlem Vik, H., Salimzadeh, S., Nick, H.M. (2018). Heat recovery from multiple-fracture enhanced geothermal systems: The effect of thermoelastic fracture interactions. Renewable Energy 121, 606-622.

16 Chen, Y., Zhao, Z. (2020). Heat transfer in a 3D rough rock fracture with heterogeneous apertures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 134,104445.

  1. McLean, M., Espinoza, D.N. (2022). Thermal destressing: Implications for short-circuiting in enhanced geothermal systems. Renewable Energy 202, 736-755.
  2. Zhou, D., Tatomir, A., Niemi, A., Tsang, C.F., Sautera, M. (2022). Study on the influence of randomly distributed fracture aperture in a fracture network on heat production from an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). Energy 250, 123781.
  3. Han, S., Cheng, Y., Gao, Q., Yan, C., Zhang, J. (2019). Numerical study on heat extraction performance of multistage fracturing Enhanced Geothermal System. Renewable Energy 149, 1214-1226.
  4. Shi, Y., Song, X., Li, J., Wang, G., Zheng, R., YuLong, F. (2019). Numerical investigation on heat extraction performance of a multilateral-well enhanced geothermal system with a discrete fracture network. Fuel 244, 207-226.
  5. Wu, J.Y., Feng, M.M., Han, G.S., et al., 2019. Loading rate and confining pressure effect on dilatancy, acoustic emission, and failure characteristics of fissured rock with two pre- existing flaws. Compt. Rendus Mec. 347 (1), 62–89.
  6. Zhang, L., He, J., Wang, H., Cen, X. (2022). Study on heat extraction characteristics in a rock fracture for the application of enhanced geothermal systems. Geothermics 106, 102563.
  7. Gan Feng, Chun Zhu, Xiaochuan Wang, Shibin Tang. Thermal effects on prediction accuracy of dense granite mechanical behaviors using modified maximum tangential stress criterion. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2023, 15(7), 1734–1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.12.003
  8. Al-Ameen, Y., Ianakiev, A., Evans, R., 2018. Recycling construction and industrial landfill waste material for backfill in horizontal ground heat exchanger systems. Energy 151, 556–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.095.
  9. Zhang, X., Zhao, M., Liu, L., Huan, C., Zhao, Y., Qi, C., Song, K.-I., 2020. Numerical simulation on heat storage performance of backfill body based on tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Construct. Build. Mater. 265, 120340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120340.
  10. Huang, D., Yan, Z.D., Zhong, Z., et al., 2021. Experimental study on failure behaviour of ligaments between strike-inconsistent fissure pairs under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 54, 1257–1275.
  11. Konstantinos S，Stergiani K，Dimitrios P，et al. Suggested methods for determining tensile strength of rock materials. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，1978，15：99–103.
  12. Yang, S.Q., Jiang, Y.Z., Xu, W.Y., et al., 2008. Experimental investigation on strength and failure behavior of pre-cracked marble under conventional triaxial compression. Int. J. Solid Struct. 45 (17), 4796–4819.
  13. Huang, Y., Kong, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhu, C., Zhang, J., Wang, J., 2023. Evaluating the long- term sustainability of geothermal energy utilization from deep coal mines. Geothermics 107, 102584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102584.
  14. Yang, S.Q., 2016. Experimental study on deformation, peak strength and crack damage behavior of hollow sandstone under conventional triaxial compression. Eng. Geol.213, 11–24.
  15. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., Tian, W.L., et al., 2019. Effect of high temperature on deformation failure behavior of granite specimen containing a single fissure under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 52, 2087–2107.
  16. Xu X L，M. Karakus. A coupled thermo-mechanical damage model for granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2018，103：195–204.
  17. Zhu Dong，Zong Yijiang，Zhang Xiufeng. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Granite Under Cyclic Heating and Water Cooling[J/OL]. Mining Research and Development，1–6.
  18. The text size in the picture is too large, it is recommended to modify.

Response 4: Thank you for pointing this out. Line 363.

(a)N600℃-5

(g)W600℃-10

(h)W600℃-15

(i)W600℃-20

(d)N600℃-20

(j)W600℃-25

(e)N600℃-25

(f)W600℃-5

(b)N600℃-10

(c)N600℃-15

Figure.10. Microscopic changes of granite under real-time temperature and circulation

emperature and circulation

  1. Please check the missing provinces in author information 1 and 4.

Response 5: Thank you for pointing this out. Line 8 and line12

  1. College of Mining Engineering，Taiyuan University of Technology，Taiyuan，Shanxi 030024，China, Email: [email protected];
  2. Center of Shanxi Engineering Research for Coal Mine Intelligent Equipment，taiyuan university of technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China ；
  3. Key Laboratory of In-situ Property-improving Mining of Ministry of Education，Taiyuan University of Technology，Taiyuan，Shanxi 030024，China；
  4. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China

7.What is the basis for setting the heating rate in the article?

Response 7: Thank you for pointing this out.

Simulating geothermal mining requires warming a heating rate of 4℃/min for every 100 meters of drop.

8.After comparing the two cooling methods of natural and water cooling, how do you set the cooling rate?

Response 8: Thank you for pointing this out.

Natural cooling: The selection is to cool in a natural state, and the water cooling is to place the sample in room temperature water for cooling

9.How does the article distinguish between intergranular failure and transgranular failure?

Response 9: Thank you for pointing this out.

Intergranular fracture: the crack spreads along the grain boundary, and one grain can be clearly seen, and the grain surface is smooth;

Transgranular fracture: the grain boundary can also be seen clearly, but the grain surface is not so smooth compared with the intergranular fracture, and it is also divided into toughness and brittle transgranular fracture;

10.It is suggested that the introduction should be reorganized and some references should be added to make the originality and research importance of the manuscript more prominent.

Response 10: Thank you for pointing this out.

Reference：

  1. Song et al., 2021; Song, H.B., Pei, H.F., Zhu, H.H., 2021. Monitoring of tunnel excavation based on the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology. Measurement 169, 108334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108334.
  2. Zhang, C.C., Zhu, H.H., Liu, S.P., et al., 2018. A kinematic method for calculating shear displacements of landslides using distributed fiber optic strain measurements. Eng. Geol. 234, 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.01.002.
  3. Onoe, H., Ishibashi, M., Ozaki, Y., Iwatsuki, T., 2021. Development of modeling methodology for hydrogeological heterogeneity of the deep fractured granite in Japan. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 144, 104737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104737.
  4. Yasuhara, H., Polak, A., Mitani, Y., Grader, A.S., Halleck, P.M., Elsworth, D., 2006. Evolution of fracture permeability through fluid-rock reaction under hydrothermal conditions. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 244, 186–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.046.
  5. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., 2017. An experimental study on deformation and failure mechanical behavior of granite containing a single fissure under different confining pressures. Environ. Earth Sci. 76 (10), e364.
  6. Lund, J.W., Toth, A.N., 2020. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2020 worldwide review. Geothermics, 101915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101915.
  7. Wu, H., Fu, P., Frone, Z., White, M.D., Ajo-franklin, J.B., Morris, J.P., et al. (2019). Modeling heat transport processes in enhanced geothermal systems: A validation study from EGS Collab Experiment 1. Geothermics 97, 102254.
  8. Li, T.C., Du, Y.T., Zhu, Q.W., et al., 2021. Experimental study on strength properties, fracture patterns, and permeability behaviors of sandstone containing two filled fissures under triaxial compression. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 80, 5921–5938.
  9. Qian Yin, Richeng Liu, Hongwen Jing, et al. Experimental study of nonlinear flow behaviors through fractured rock samples after high temperature exposure, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52, 2963-2983.
  10. Víctor Martínez-Ibáñez, María Elvira Garrido, Carlos Hidalgo Signes, Roberto Tomás. Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain). Construction and Building Materials 286 (2021) 122960
  11. Zhu, T.T., Jing, H.W., Su, H.J., et al., 2016. Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures. Int. J. Min.Sci. Technol. 26 (2), 319–325.
  12. Gan Feng, Xiaochuan Wang, Yong Kang, Zetian Zhang. Effect of thermal cycling-dependent cracks on physical and mechanical properties of granite for enhanced geothermal system. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2020, 134, 104476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104476
  13. Fu, P., Hao, Y., Walsh, S.D.C., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in fractured geothermal reservoirs. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49(3), 1001-1024.
  14. Guo, B., Fu, P., Hao, Y., Peters, C.A., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in a single fracture in EGS. Geothermics 61, 46-62.
  15. Slatlem Vik, H., Salimzadeh, S., Nick, H.M. (2018). Heat recovery from multiple-fracture enhanced geothermal systems: The effect of thermoelastic fracture interactions. Renewable Energy 121, 606-622.

16 Chen, Y., Zhao, Z. (2020). Heat transfer in a 3D rough rock fracture with heterogeneous apertures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 134,104445.

  1. McLean, M., Espinoza, D.N. (2022). Thermal destressing: Implications for short-circuiting in enhanced geothermal systems. Renewable Energy 202, 736-755.
  2. Zhou, D., Tatomir, A., Niemi, A., Tsang, C.F., Sautera, M. (2022). Study on the influence of randomly distributed fracture aperture in a fracture network on heat production from an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). Energy 250, 123781.
  3. Han, S., Cheng, Y., Gao, Q., Yan, C., Zhang, J. (2019). Numerical study on heat extraction performance of multistage fracturing Enhanced Geothermal System. Renewable Energy 149, 1214-1226.
  4. Shi, Y., Song, X., Li, J., Wang, G., Zheng, R., YuLong, F. (2019). Numerical investigation on heat extraction performance of a multilateral-well enhanced geothermal system with a discrete fracture network. Fuel 244, 207-226.
  5. Wu, J.Y., Feng, M.M., Han, G.S., et al., 2019. Loading rate and confining pressure effect on dilatancy, acoustic emission, and failure characteristics of fissured rock with two pre- existing flaws. Compt. Rendus Mec. 347 (1), 62–89.
  6. Zhang, L., He, J., Wang, H., Cen, X. (2022). Study on heat extraction characteristics in a rock fracture for the application of enhanced geothermal systems. Geothermics 106, 102563.
  7. Gan Feng, Chun Zhu, Xiaochuan Wang, Shibin Tang. Thermal effects on prediction accuracy of dense granite mechanical behaviors using modified maximum tangential stress criterion. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2023, 15(7), 1734–1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.12.003
  8. Al-Ameen, Y., Ianakiev, A., Evans, R., 2018. Recycling construction and industrial landfill waste material for backfill in horizontal ground heat exchanger systems. Energy 151, 556–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.095.
  9. Zhang, X., Zhao, M., Liu, L., Huan, C., Zhao, Y., Qi, C., Song, K.-I., 2020. Numerical simulation on heat storage performance of backfill body based on tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Construct. Build. Mater. 265, 120340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120340.
  10. Huang, D., Yan, Z.D., Zhong, Z., et al., 2021. Experimental study on failure behaviour of ligaments between strike-inconsistent fissure pairs under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 54, 1257–1275.
  11. Konstantinos S，Stergiani K，Dimitrios P，et al. Suggested methods for determining tensile strength of rock materials. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，1978，15：99–103.
  12. Yang, S.Q., Jiang, Y.Z., Xu, W.Y., et al., 2008. Experimental investigation on strength and failure behavior of pre-cracked marble under conventional triaxial compression. Int. J. Solid Struct. 45 (17), 4796–4819.
  13. Huang, Y., Kong, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhu, C., Zhang, J., Wang, J., 2023. Evaluating the long- term sustainability of geothermal energy utilization from deep coal mines. Geothermics 107, 102584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102584.
  14. Yang, S.Q., 2016. Experimental study on deformation, peak strength and crack damage behavior of hollow sandstone under conventional triaxial compression. Eng. Geol.213, 11–24.
  15. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., Tian, W.L., et al., 2019. Effect of high temperature on deformation failure behavior of granite specimen containing a single fissure under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 52, 2087–2107.
  16. Xu X L，M. Karakus. A coupled thermo-mechanical damage model for granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2018，103：195–204.
  17. Zhu Dong，Zong Yijiang，Zhang Xiufeng. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Granite Under Cyclic Heating and Water Cooling[J/OL]. Mining Research and Development，1–6.

Reviewer 2 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

This manuscript studies the influence of real-time temperature cycling on physical and mechanical properties of granite. The changes of apparent color, longitudinal wave velocity, elastic modulus, UCS and damage characteristics of two types of granite specimens are revealed. The results obtained are meaningful and well presented. Some minor issues need to be clarified and further improved. My suggestions are listed as follow:

1. Figure 1 is not cited in the text.

2. Line 182: ‘with the increase of temperature and cycle times’, this sentence is redundant.

3. The reasons behind the difference of rock mechanical properties change under two cooling methods (water cooling and nature cooling) shall be discussed.

4. The format of references is not uniform. The authors shall modify this according to the requirements of journal. Some punctuations are in Chinese, for example, the reference 29 in Line 496-497.

 

5. Some detailed information of experiment shall be added. Such as, the cooling time of specimens under two cooling methods, the cooling time associated with different temperatures. Additional, is the specimen cooled at once?

 

Comments on the Quality of English Language

Nothing

Author Response

1.Figure 1 is not cited in the text.

Response 1: Thank you for pointing this out. line84.

(2) Uniaxial compression test equipment

The self-developed multi-function servo control triaxial testing machine is adopted, as shown in Figure.1. The equipment is composed of axial loading system, high temperature heating system, circulating cooling system, test console and data acquisition instrument. The maximum temperature of this test can reach 600℃. The maximum allowable loading stress of the equipment is 100MPa.

2.Line 182: ‘with the increase of temperature and cycle times’, this sentence is redundant.

Response 2: Thank you for pointing this out. Line 178.

 

（a）water cooling                                                      （b）natural cooling

Figure.3  Average wave velocity graph

  1. The reasons behind the difference of rock mechanical properties change under two cooling methods (water cooling and nature cooling) shall be discussed.

Response 3: Thank you for your comment. In the section of 3, we have discussed the effects on longitudinal wave velocity、stress–strain curve and elastic modulus between different cooling methods in detail.

  1. The format of references is not uniform. The authors shall modify this according to the requirements of journal. Some punctuations are in Chinese, for example, the reference 29 in Line 496-497.

Response 4: Thank you for pointing this out.

Reference：

  1. Song et al., 2021; Song, H.B., Pei, H.F., Zhu, H.H., 2021. Monitoring of tunnel excavation based on the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology. Measurement 169, 108334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108334.
  2. Zhang, C.C., Zhu, H.H., Liu, S.P., et al., 2018. A kinematic method for calculating shear displacements of landslides using distributed fiber optic strain measurements. Eng. Geol. 234, 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.01.002.
  3. Onoe, H., Ishibashi, M., Ozaki, Y., Iwatsuki, T., 2021. Development of modeling methodology for hydrogeological heterogeneity of the deep fractured granite in Japan. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 144, 104737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104737.
  4. Yasuhara, H., Polak, A., Mitani, Y., Grader, A.S., Halleck, P.M., Elsworth, D., 2006. Evolution of fracture permeability through fluid-rock reaction under hydrothermal conditions. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 244, 186–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.046.
  5. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., 2017. An experimental study on deformation and failure mechanical behavior of granite containing a single fissure under different confining pressures. Environ. Earth Sci. 76 (10), e364.
  6. Lund, J.W., Toth, A.N., 2020. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2020 worldwide review. Geothermics, 101915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101915.
  7. Wu, H., Fu, P., Frone, Z., White, M.D., Ajo-franklin, J.B., Morris, J.P., et al. (2019). Modeling heat transport processes in enhanced geothermal systems: A validation study from EGS Collab Experiment 1. Geothermics 97, 102254.
  8. Li, T.C., Du, Y.T., Zhu, Q.W., et al., 2021. Experimental study on strength properties, fracture patterns, and permeability behaviors of sandstone containing two filled fissures under triaxial compression. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 80, 5921–5938.
  9. Qian Yin, Richeng Liu, Hongwen Jing, et al. Experimental study of nonlinear flow behaviors through fractured rock samples after high temperature exposure, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52, 2963-2983.
  10. Víctor Martínez-Ibáñez, María Elvira Garrido, Carlos Hidalgo Signes, Roberto Tomás. Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain). Construction and Building Materials 286 (2021) 122960
  11. Zhu, T.T., Jing, H.W., Su, H.J., et al., 2016. Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures. Int. J. Min.Sci. Technol. 26 (2), 319–325.
  12. Gan Feng, Xiaochuan Wang, Yong Kang, Zetian Zhang. Effect of thermal cycling-dependent cracks on physical and mechanical properties of granite for enhanced geothermal system. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2020, 134, 104476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104476
  13. Fu, P., Hao, Y., Walsh, S.D.C., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in fractured geothermal reservoirs. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49(3), 1001-1024.
  14. Guo, B., Fu, P., Hao, Y., Peters, C.A., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in a single fracture in EGS. Geothermics 61, 46-62.
  15. Slatlem Vik, H., Salimzadeh, S., Nick, H.M. (2018). Heat recovery from multiple-fracture enhanced geothermal systems: The effect of thermoelastic fracture interactions. Renewable Energy 121, 606-622.

16 Chen, Y., Zhao, Z. (2020). Heat transfer in a 3D rough rock fracture with heterogeneous apertures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 134,104445.

  1. McLean, M., Espinoza, D.N. (2022). Thermal destressing: Implications for short-circuiting in enhanced geothermal systems. Renewable Energy 202, 736-755.
  2. Zhou, D., Tatomir, A., Niemi, A., Tsang, C.F., Sautera, M. (2022). Study on the influence of randomly distributed fracture aperture in a fracture network on heat production from an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). Energy 250, 123781.
  3. Han, S., Cheng, Y., Gao, Q., Yan, C., Zhang, J. (2019). Numerical study on heat extraction performance of multistage fracturing Enhanced Geothermal System. Renewable Energy 149, 1214-1226.
  4. Shi, Y., Song, X., Li, J., Wang, G., Zheng, R., YuLong, F. (2019). Numerical investigation on heat extraction performance of a multilateral-well enhanced geothermal system with a discrete fracture network. Fuel 244, 207-226.
  5. Wu, J.Y., Feng, M.M., Han, G.S., et al., 2019. Loading rate and confining pressure effect on dilatancy, acoustic emission, and failure characteristics of fissured rock with two pre- existing flaws. Compt. Rendus Mec. 347 (1), 62–89.
  6. Zhang, L., He, J., Wang, H., Cen, X. (2022). Study on heat extraction characteristics in a rock fracture for the application of enhanced geothermal systems. Geothermics 106, 102563.
  7. Gan Feng, Chun Zhu, Xiaochuan Wang, Shibin Tang. Thermal effects on prediction accuracy of dense granite mechanical behaviors using modified maximum tangential stress criterion. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2023, 15(7), 1734–1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.12.003
  8. Al-Ameen, Y., Ianakiev, A., Evans, R., 2018. Recycling construction and industrial landfill waste material for backfill in horizontal ground heat exchanger systems. Energy 151, 556–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.095.
  9. Zhang, X., Zhao, M., Liu, L., Huan, C., Zhao, Y., Qi, C., Song, K.-I., 2020. Numerical simulation on heat storage performance of backfill body based on tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Construct. Build. Mater. 265, 120340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120340.
  10. Huang, D., Yan, Z.D., Zhong, Z., et al., 2021. Experimental study on failure behaviour of ligaments between strike-inconsistent fissure pairs under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 54, 1257–1275.
  11. Konstantinos S，Stergiani K，Dimitrios P，et al. Suggested methods for determining tensile strength of rock materials. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，1978，15：99–103.
  12. Yang, S.Q., Jiang, Y.Z., Xu, W.Y., et al., 2008. Experimental investigation on strength and failure behavior of pre-cracked marble under conventional triaxial compression. Int. J. Solid Struct. 45 (17), 4796–4819.
  13. Huang, Y., Kong, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhu, C., Zhang, J., Wang, J., 2023. Evaluating the long- term sustainability of geothermal energy utilization from deep coal mines. Geothermics 107, 102584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102584.
  14. Yang, S.Q., 2016. Experimental study on deformation, peak strength and crack damage behavior of hollow sandstone under conventional triaxial compression. Eng. Geol.213, 11–24.
  15. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., Tian, W.L., et al., 2019. Effect of high temperature on deformation failure behavior of granite specimen containing a single fissure under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 52, 2087–2107.
  16. Xu X L，M. Karakus. A coupled thermo-mechanical damage model for granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2018，103：195–204.
  17. Zhu Dong，Zong Yijiang，Zhang Xiufeng. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Granite Under Cyclic Heating and Water Cooling[J/OL]. Mining Research and Development，1–6.
  18. Some detailed information of experiment shall be added. Such as, the cooling time of specimens under two cooling methods, the cooling time associated with different temperatures. Additional, is the specimen cooled at once?

Response 5: Thank you for your comment. First, the granite in the muffle furnace was taken out and quickly cooled in water. After about 20 minutes, both the water and the granite samples were cooled to room temperature (20℃). Of course, precisely speaking, the cooling time is different at different temperatures. However, due to the small size of the granite sample and the large amount of water, the granite sample can quickly reduce the temperature at various temperatures. Therefore, the cooling time of granite samples is basically the same after heat treatment at different temperatures.

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

This manuscript studies the influence of real-time temperature cycling on physical and mechanical properties of granite. The changes of apparent color, longitudinal wave velocity, elastic modulus, UCS and damage characteristics of two types of granite specimens are revealed. The results obtained are meaningful and well presented. Some minor issues need to be clarified and further improved. My suggestions are listed as follow:

1.      Please explain how the cyclic temperature rise is controlled.

2.      What is the processing process of the specimen?

3.      How is the cooling process of the sample controlled?

4.      Please add some references, preferably within the last 5 years.

 

5.      By comparing the failure mode of granite under the two cooling methods, it can be seen that what phenomenon will occur during the process of heating and cooling of the sample? Please explain it to me.

Author Response

  1. Please explain how the cyclic temperature rise is controlled.

Response 1: Thank you for pointing this out.

Simulating geothermal mining requires warming a heating rate of 4℃/min for every 100 meters of drop.

  1. What is the processing process of the specimen?

Response 2: Thank you for pointing this out.

First of all, after the 500*300*150 cuboid granite blocks are placed in the coring machine and fixed, a drill with a diameter of 50mm is used for coring, and then the 150mm cylindrical sample after being taken is cut into 50*100mmd standard sample.

  1. How is the cooling process of the sample controlled?

Response 3: Thank you for pointing this out.

Natural cooling: The selection is to cool in a natural state, and the water cooling is to place the sample in room temperature water for cooling

  1. Please add some references, preferably within the last 5 years.

Response 4: Thank you for pointing this out. Line 440.

Reference：

  1. Song et al., 2021; Song, H.B., Pei, H.F., Zhu, H.H., 2021. Monitoring of tunnel excavation based on the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology. Measurement 169, 108334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108334.
  2. Zhang, C.C., Zhu, H.H., Liu, S.P., et al., 2018. A kinematic method for calculating shear displacements of landslides using distributed fiber optic strain measurements. Eng. Geol. 234, 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.01.002.
  3. Onoe, H., Ishibashi, M., Ozaki, Y., Iwatsuki, T., 2021. Development of modeling methodology for hydrogeological heterogeneity of the deep fractured granite in Japan. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 144, 104737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104737.
  4. Yasuhara, H., Polak, A., Mitani, Y., Grader, A.S., Halleck, P.M., Elsworth, D., 2006. Evolution of fracture permeability through fluid-rock reaction under hydrothermal conditions. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 244, 186–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.046.
  5. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., 2017. An experimental study on deformation and failure mechanical behavior of granite containing a single fissure under different confining pressures. Environ. Earth Sci. 76 (10), e364.
  6. Lund, J.W., Toth, A.N., 2020. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2020 worldwide review. Geothermics, 101915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101915.
  7. Wu, H., Fu, P., Frone, Z., White, M.D., Ajo-franklin, J.B., Morris, J.P., et al. (2019). Modeling heat transport processes in enhanced geothermal systems: A validation study from EGS Collab Experiment 1. Geothermics 97, 102254.
  8. Li, T.C., Du, Y.T., Zhu, Q.W., et al., 2021. Experimental study on strength properties, fracture patterns, and permeability behaviors of sandstone containing two filled fissures under triaxial compression. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 80, 5921–5938.
  9. Qian Yin, Richeng Liu, Hongwen Jing, et al. Experimental study of nonlinear flow behaviors through fractured rock samples after high temperature exposure, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52, 2963-2983.
  10. Víctor Martínez-Ibáñez, María Elvira Garrido, Carlos Hidalgo Signes, Roberto Tomás. Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain). Construction and Building Materials 286 (2021) 122960
  11. Zhu, T.T., Jing, H.W., Su, H.J., et al., 2016. Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures. Int. J. Min.Sci. Technol. 26 (2), 319–325.
  12. Gan Feng, Xiaochuan Wang, Yong Kang, Zetian Zhang. Effect of thermal cycling-dependent cracks on physical and mechanical properties of granite for enhanced geothermal system. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2020, 134, 104476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104476
  13. Fu, P., Hao, Y., Walsh, S.D.C., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in fractured geothermal reservoirs. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49(3), 1001-1024.
  14. Guo, B., Fu, P., Hao, Y., Peters, C.A., Carrigan, C.R. (2016). Thermal drawdown-induced flow channeling in a single fracture in EGS. Geothermics 61, 46-62.
  15. Slatlem Vik, H., Salimzadeh, S., Nick, H.M. (2018). Heat recovery from multiple-fracture enhanced geothermal systems: The effect of thermoelastic fracture interactions. Renewable Energy 121, 606-622.

16 Chen, Y., Zhao, Z. (2020). Heat transfer in a 3D rough rock fracture with heterogeneous apertures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 134,104445.

  1. McLean, M., Espinoza, D.N. (2022). Thermal destressing: Implications for short-circuiting in enhanced geothermal systems. Renewable Energy 202, 736-755.
  2. Zhou, D., Tatomir, A., Niemi, A., Tsang, C.F., Sautera, M. (2022). Study on the influence of randomly distributed fracture aperture in a fracture network on heat production from an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). Energy 250, 123781.
  3. Han, S., Cheng, Y., Gao, Q., Yan, C., Zhang, J. (2019). Numerical study on heat extraction performance of multistage fracturing Enhanced Geothermal System. Renewable Energy 149, 1214-1226.
  4. Shi, Y., Song, X., Li, J., Wang, G., Zheng, R., YuLong, F. (2019). Numerical investigation on heat extraction performance of a multilateral-well enhanced geothermal system with a discrete fracture network. Fuel 244, 207-226.
  5. Wu, J.Y., Feng, M.M., Han, G.S., et al., 2019. Loading rate and confining pressure effect on dilatancy, acoustic emission, and failure characteristics of fissured rock with two pre- existing flaws. Compt. Rendus Mec. 347 (1), 62–89.
  6. Zhang, L., He, J., Wang, H., Cen, X. (2022). Study on heat extraction characteristics in a rock fracture for the application of enhanced geothermal systems. Geothermics 106, 102563.
  7. Gan Feng, Chun Zhu, Xiaochuan Wang, Shibin Tang. Thermal effects on prediction accuracy of dense granite mechanical behaviors using modified maximum tangential stress criterion. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2023, 15(7), 1734–1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.12.003
  8. Al-Ameen, Y., Ianakiev, A., Evans, R., 2018. Recycling construction and industrial landfill waste material for backfill in horizontal ground heat exchanger systems. Energy 151, 556–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.095.
  9. Zhang, X., Zhao, M., Liu, L., Huan, C., Zhao, Y., Qi, C., Song, K.-I., 2020. Numerical simulation on heat storage performance of backfill body based on tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Construct. Build. Mater. 265, 120340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120340.
  10. Huang, D., Yan, Z.D., Zhong, Z., et al., 2021. Experimental study on failure behaviour of ligaments between strike-inconsistent fissure pairs under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 54, 1257–1275.
  11. Konstantinos S，Stergiani K，Dimitrios P，et al. Suggested methods for determining tensile strength of rock materials. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，1978，15：99–103.
  12. Yang, S.Q., Jiang, Y.Z., Xu, W.Y., et al., 2008. Experimental investigation on strength and failure behavior of pre-cracked marble under conventional triaxial compression. Int. J. Solid Struct. 45 (17), 4796–4819.
  13. Huang, Y., Kong, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhu, C., Zhang, J., Wang, J., 2023. Evaluating the long- term sustainability of geothermal energy utilization from deep coal mines. Geothermics 107, 102584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102584.
  14. Yang, S.Q., 2016. Experimental study on deformation, peak strength and crack damage behavior of hollow sandstone under conventional triaxial compression. Eng. Geol.213, 11–24.
  15. Yang, S.Q., Huang, Y.H., Tian, W.L., et al., 2019. Effect of high temperature on deformation failure behavior of granite specimen containing a single fissure under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 52, 2087–2107.
  16. Xu X L，M. Karakus. A coupled thermo-mechanical damage model for granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2018，103：195–204.
  17. Zhu Dong，Zong Yijiang，Zhang Xiufeng. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Granite Under Cyclic Heating and Water Cooling[J/OL]. Mining Research and Development，1–6.
  18. By comparing the failure mode of granite under the two cooling methods, it can be seen that what phenomenon will occur during the process of heating and cooling of the sample? Please explain it to me.

Response 5: Thank you for pointing this out.

The color of the naturally cooled sample changes gradually from gray black to light yellow after heating. The water-cooled sample will generate a lot of heat and bubbles during the cooling process.

Reviewer 4 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The work is well described academically and is of interest to the community. It must be improved before being published because:

1.-In the abstract it is not well understood what is underlined, it is understood later in section 2.3.

In this paper, a self-developed multi-functional high-temperature rock triaxial servo controll testing machine was used to carry out uniaxial compression tests on the granite after the cooling 14 and heating cycles under the real-time temperature.

2.-I don't understand why they refer to a triaxial testing machine, although it is. It can lead to confusion in the article. Better to remove triaxial.

3.-On line 50 when EGS appears for the first time they should add (enhanced geothermal system).

4.-On line 120 the x in W100ºC-5-x must be uppercase. The same with the y on line 124.

5.-The variables in formula 1 express it in lowercase letters and then describe it in uppercase letters. They should correct it.

6.-On line 181 change Figure. 4. Remove the point. They must do this throughout the text.

7.-On line 187 the word decrease should be changed by another expression, since what decreases is stress.

8.-On line 208 instead of putting figure, put figure 5.

9.- What does the Z of Z-400ºC-5 mean in figure 5, I think it is N.

10.-On line 226, it would be better to change the word concluded to deduced.

11.-On line 238 (2) you should comment that it goes into depth in section 4.4.

12.-On line 241 they do not specify which figure they are referring to.

13.-On line 257 they say “The impact failure degree of granite changes sharply”, they should clarify what type of impact they are referring to, load, thermal, etc.

14.-The paragraph between lines 300 and 303, “In the process of specimen compression, the crack in the specimen is first closed under the action of pressure, and then gradually compacted, which leads to the densification section of stress-strain curve increasing with the increase of temperature”, was already mentioned above, it is better to eliminate it.

15.- They lack interesting references such as:

Víctor Martínez-Ibáñez, María Elvira Garrido, Carlos Hidalgo Signes, Roberto Tomás. Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain). Construction and Building Materials 286 (2021) 122960

For all of the above, I consider that this work can be published after the corrections that I recommend.

Author Response

1.-In the abstract it is not well understood what is underlined, it is understood later in section 2.3.

Response 1: Thank you for pointing this out.

In this paper, a self-developed multi-functional high-temperature rock triaxial servo controll testing machine was used to carry out uniaxial compression tests on the granite after the cooling 14 and heating cycles under the real-time temperature.

2.-I don't understand why they refer to a triaxial testing machine, although it is. It can lead to confusion in the article. Better to remove triaxial.

Response 2: Thank you for your comment. I have deleted it from the article. line 83.

(2) Uniaxial compression test equipment

The self-developed multi-function servo control testing machine is adopted, as shown in Figure.1. The equipment is composed of axial loading system, high temperature heating system, circulating cooling system, test console and data acquisition instrument. The maximum temperature of this test can reach 600℃. The maximum allowable loading stress of the equipment is 100MPa.

The cooling system

Testing machine

The heating furnace

Testcontrol console

The computer

Figure. 1 Multifunctional high-temperature rock servo control testing machine

3.-On line 50 when EGS appears for the first time they should add (enhanced geothermal system). Line 59.

Response 3: Thank you for your comment. It has been added in the original text. Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the effect of fracture geometry and aperture [10-15], as well as rock mechanical/hydraulic/thermal properties [16-19] on the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical- chemical processes in EGS (enhanced geothermal system). Important insights have been gained to improve the understanding of EGS thermal performance and provide necessary guidance for field operations such as fracture stimulation, well configuration, fluid circulation [20-22], and so on.

4.-On line 120 the x in W100ºC-5-x must be uppercase. The same with the y on line 124.

Response 4: Thank you for your comment. Line 120 and line 124.

It has been added in the original text. Repeat the above steps. After 5 cycles of hot and cold, take out a batch of specimens and number them. The specimens cooled by water were numbered as W100℃-5-X (W was water-cooled at a temperature of 100℃ and cycled for 5 times; X was the number of specimens successively as 1, 2 and 3). When the muffle furnace temperature was reduced to room temperature, the three samples with natural cooling were taken out and numbered as N100℃-5-Y (N stands for natural cooling, The temperature is 100℃, and the cycle is 5 times, and Y is 1, 2, and 3 in turn. The wave velocities of the cycled samples were measured again to obtain the wave velocities of the cycled samples at the corresponding temperature.

5.-The variables in formula 1 express it in lowercase letters and then describe it in uppercase letters. They should correct it.

Response 5: Thank you for your comment. Line 155 and 156. It has been added in the original text.

Formula (1) is used to calculate the compressional wave velocity under different temperature and cooling and heating cycles.

                               Vmp=l/(t-t0)                                                    (1)

Where: Vmp is the longitudinal wave velocity of the sample, m/s; l is the length of the sample, mm; t is the excitation time of ultrasonic signal, s; t0 is the receiving time of ultrasonic signal, s.

6.-On line 181 change Figure. 4. Remove the point. They must do this throughout the text.

Response 6: Thank you for your comment. All drawings have been corrected.

7.-On line 187 the word decrease should be changed by another expression, since what decreases is stress.

Response 7: Thank you for your comment. Line 187.

At the initial stage of loading (compaction stage), their curves reduce with the increase of the number of cycles.

8.-On line 208 instead of putting figure, put figure 5.

Response 8: Thank you for your comment. (5) It can also be seen from the Figure.5. that the strength of the sample W600℃-5 times is higher than that of the sample W500℃-5 times, which may be caused by the anisotropy of the sample. Due to the different content and structure of the mineral composition inside the sample, individual differences exist in the sample.

9.- What does the Z of Z-400ºC-5 mean in figure 5, I think it is N.

Response 9: Thank you for your comment. Line 214.

 

 

       

Figure.5. Stress-strain curve of granite under real-time temperature and circulation

10.-On line 226, it would be better to change the word concluded to deduced.

Response 10: Thank you for your comment. Line 226.

It can be deduced from Figure. 6 that :(1) the samples are mainly conical failure and splitting failure modes after failure. And produced a large number of pieces, the sample in the destruction will give out a violent sound;

11.-On line 238 (2) you should comment that it goes into depth in section 4.4.

Response 11: Thank you for your comment. Line 357.The explanation in (2) has been placed in Section 4.4

12.-On line 241 they do not specify which figure they are referring to.

Response 12: Thank you for your comment. Line 234. they are referring to W500℃

(3) When the temperature is greater than W500℃, with the increase of cycles, the mode after the failure becomes more and more complex, and the sample after the failure is relatively loose and easy to be broken.

13.-On line 257 they say “The impact failure degree of granite changes sharply”, they should clarify what type of impact they are referring to, load, thermal, etc.

Response 13: Thank you for your comment. Line 252.Granite is affected by thermal shock, the impact failure degree of granite changes sharply.

14.-The paragraph between lines 300 and 303, “In the process of specimen compression, the crack in the specimen is first closed under the action of pressure, and then gradually compacted, which leads to the densification section of stress-strain curve increasing with the increase of temperature”, was already mentioned above, it is better to eliminate it.

Response 14: Thank you for your comment. In the article, it has been removed.

15.- They lack interesting references such as:

Víctor Martínez-Ibáñez, María Elvira Garrido, Carlos Hidalgo Signes, Roberto Tomás. Micro and macro-structural effects of high temperatures in Prada limestone: Key factors for future fire-intervention protocols in Tres Ponts Tunnel (Spain). Construction and Building Materials 286 (2021) 122960

Response 15: Thank you for your comment.

Reference：

  1. Song et al., 2021; Song, H.B., Pei, H.F., Zhu, H.H., 2021. Monitoring of tunnel excavation based on the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology. Measurement 169, 108334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108334.
  2. Zhang, C.C., Zhu, H.H., Liu, S.P., et al., 2018. A kinematic method for calculating shear displacements of landslides using distributed fiber optic strain measurements. Eng. Geol. 234, 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.01.002.
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Reviewer 5 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The topic of the work is interesting and relevant in terms of reducing CO2 emissions. The development of a specifically configured experimental apparatus is also commendable. However, since it is an unvalidated piece of equipment, it is necessary to perform measurements with analogous validated devices to compare the results and potentially define correction coefficients.

These precautions should be particularly observed when applying physico-mechanical conditions with very high ranges of values (e.g., temperature) to verify the linearity of the probes used. Therefore, it is requested that this evaluation be included.

Line 38: Insert a space after the period. Line 92: Specify the analytical technique and tools used to determine the mineral composition. Line 93: Insert a space. Line 160: Use lowercase letters after the colon. Line 183: Use lowercase letters after the colon. Line 183: Insert a space after the colon. Line 226: Insert a space after the colon. Figure 10: Use a different color to indicate the scale. Red is not readable.

Author Response

The topic of the work is interesting and relevant in terms of reducing CO2emissions. The development of a specifically configured experimental apparatus is also commendable. However, since it is an unvalidated piece of equipment, it is necessary to perform measurements with analogous validated devices to compare the results and potentially define correction coefficients.
Response 1: Thank you for your comment. The device has been proven.
These precautions should be particularly observed when applying physico-mechanical conditions with very high ranges of values (e.g., temperature) to verify the linearity of the probes used. Therefore, it is requested that this evaluation be included.
Response 2: Thank you for your comment. The heating equipment used in the experiment is Muffle furnace, and the heating rate is 4℃/min.
3.Line 38: Insert a space after the period.

Response 3: Thank you for your comment.

In the context of the current "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals", geothermal heat in hot dry rock, as a promising clean energy, plays an increasingly prominent role in the adjustment of national energy structure [1,2]. At present, the basic principle for the development of hot dry rock is to form fracture network through stimulation technology such as hydraulic fracturing, and the injected low-temperature fluid is raised to the ground after reservoir heat exchange [3,4], in which the high-temperature rock mass is rapidly cooled.

 

4.Line 92: Specify the analytical technique and tools used to determine the mineral composition.

Response 4: Thank you for your comment. The instrument for determining the mineral composition of granite is the element analysis instrument.

 

  1. Line 93: Insert a space.

Response 5: Thank you for your comment. According to the method recommended by the International Rock Mechanics Test Code ISRM [23].

 

  1. Line 160: Use lowercase letters after the colon.

Response 6: Thank you for your comment. The variation rule of wave velocity is obtained from 5 aspects: the wave velocity decreases with the gradual increase of temperature.

 

  1. Line 183: Use lowercase letters after the colon.

Response 7: Thank you for your comment. With the increase of temperature and cycle times, the stress-strain curve of granite changes as follows: the curve trend of samples generally goes through compaction stage, elastic stage, yield stage and failure stage.

 

  1. Line 183: Insert a space after the colon.

Response 8: Thank you for your comment. With the increase of temperature and cycle times, the stress-strain curve of granite changes as follows: the curve trend of samples generally goes through compaction stage, elastic stage, yield stage and failure stage.

 

  1. Line 226: Insert a space after the colon. Figure 10: Use a different color to indicate the scale. Red is not readable.

Response 9: Thank you for your comment. It can be deduced from Figure.6. that: (1) the samples are mainly conical failure and splitting failure modes after failure.

(a)N600℃-5

(g)W600℃-10

(h)W600℃-15

(i)W600℃-20

(d)N600℃-20

(j)W600℃-25

(e)N600℃-25

(f)W600℃-5

(b)N600℃-10

(c)N600℃-15

Round 2

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The author has made careful revisions based on the reviewers' comments, and the manuscript has reached the publishable standard.

Author Response

Thank you very much for your comments and suggestions. the revised manuscript is attached. Please see the attachment.

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