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Sustainability
Volume 17
Issue 3
10.3390/su17031148
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agroecological Vegetable Cropping Systems by Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania

by
Essy C. Kirui
1,2,
Michael M. Kidoido
1,*,
Komivi S. Akutse
1,3,*,
Rosina Wanyama
4,
Simon B. Boni
4,
Thomas Dubois
1,
Fekadu F. Dinssa
4 and
Daniel M. Mutyambai
1,5
1
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
2
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Njoro P.O Box 536-20115, Kenya
3
Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
4
World Vegetable Center Eastern and Southern Africa, Duluti, Arusha P.O. Box 10, Tanzania
5
Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui P.O. Box 170-90200, Kenya
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1148; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031148
Submission received: 11 November 2024 / Revised: 18 January 2025 / Accepted: 28 January 2025 / Published: 30 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Vegetable production is vital to smallholder farmers, who often struggle to overcome pests, diseases, and extreme weather. Agroecological cropping systems offer sustainable solutions to these issues but their adoption rates in Tanzania remain low. This study examines the factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adoption of selected agroecological cropping systems for vegetable production in Tanzania, which remains underexplored. Using a multistage sampling technique, cross-sectional data were gathered from 525 crucifer and traditional African vegetable farming households within the Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions. Multivariate probit regression analysis, which accounts for the simultaneous adoption of multiple systems, revealed several significant variables influencing adoption. The number of training sessions attended and access to market information positively influenced adoption (p < 0.01), while gross income from vegetable production also had a positive influence (p < 0.05). Conversely, the age of the household head and the region where the farm was located showed negative effects on adoption (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the need for targeted extension services and training sessions focusing on the benefits, methods, and management techniques of agroecological cropping systems. Gender-sensitive policies and interventions should also be developed to address the factors influencing the adoption of agroecological cropping systems.
Keywords: agroecology; cropping systems; smallholder farmers; crucifers; traditional African vegetables; Tanzania agroecology; cropping systems; smallholder farmers; crucifers; traditional African vegetables; Tanzania

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kirui, E.C.; Kidoido, M.M.; Akutse, K.S.; Wanyama, R.; Boni, S.B.; Dubois, T.; Dinssa, F.F.; Mutyambai, D.M. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agroecological Vegetable Cropping Systems by Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania. Sustainability 2025, 17, 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031148

AMA Style

Kirui EC, Kidoido MM, Akutse KS, Wanyama R, Boni SB, Dubois T, Dinssa FF, Mutyambai DM. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agroecological Vegetable Cropping Systems by Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania. Sustainability. 2025; 17(3):1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031148

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kirui, Essy C., Michael M. Kidoido, Komivi S. Akutse, Rosina Wanyama, Simon B. Boni, Thomas Dubois, Fekadu F. Dinssa, and Daniel M. Mutyambai. 2025. "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agroecological Vegetable Cropping Systems by Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania" Sustainability 17, no. 3: 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031148

APA Style

Kirui, E. C., Kidoido, M. M., Akutse, K. S., Wanyama, R., Boni, S. B., Dubois, T., Dinssa, F. F., & Mutyambai, D. M. (2025). Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agroecological Vegetable Cropping Systems by Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania. Sustainability, 17(3), 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031148

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