Removal of Dimethyl Sulfide from Aqueous Solution Using Cost-Effective Modified Chicken Manure Biochar Produced from Slow Pyrolysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Production of BC
2.2. Characterization of Biochar (BC)
2.3. Batch Sorption of DMS
2.4. Recycling of Amine-Modified BC
2.5. Adsorption Isotherms
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physical Properties
Physical Properties | BC | Amine-modified BC |
---|---|---|
C (%) | 80.25 ± 3.46 | 84.16 ± 4.79 |
O (%) | 8.64 ± 1.02 | 7.06 ± 0.94 |
H (%) | 2.53 ± 0.21 | 3.07 ± 0.26 |
N (%) | 2.19 ± 0.15 | 3.75 ± 0.29 |
BET (m2/g) | 34.6 ± 4.82 | 334.7 ± 24.57 |
pHpzc | 3.6 ± 0.21 | 7.7 ± 0.45 |
Vmicro (cm3/g) | 0.036 ± 0.009 | 0.093 ± 0.011 |
Vtotal (cm3/g) | 0.101 ± 0.017 | 0.154 ± 0.023 |
3.2. Effect of Initial Concentration
3.3. Effect of Adsorbent Dosage
3.4. Effect of Reaction Time
3.5. Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetics
Langmuir Isotherm | Freundlich Isotherm | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qmax (mg/g) | KL | RL | R2 | Kf | 1/n | R2 |
1.14 | 0.052 | 0.0284 | 0.942 | 12.58 | 0.85 | 0.989 |
Adsorbent | Methods | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Characteristics | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified activated carbon | HNO3/O3 | 8.0 | High manufacturing cost Smell and treatment of O3 problems | [43] |
Amine-modified Biochar | HNO3/NH3 | 1.14 | Cheap | This Study |
IRMOF-3 | - | 0.87 | Low capacity | [44] |
Zeolite | AgNO3 | 0.497 | Low capacity | [45] |
Commercial activated carbon | HNO3 | 0.32 | Low capacity | [46] |
Bamboo Charcoal | - | 0.266 | Low capacity | [47] |
Bentonite | Silver | 0.155 | Low capacity | [48] |
DMS Conc (mg/L) | Qcal (mg/g) | Pseudo First-order Model | Pseudo Second-order Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe (mg/g) | K1 (g/mg/min) | R2 | qe (mg/g) | K2 (g/mg/min) | R2 | ||
0.05 | 0.75 | 1.02 | 0.2307 | 0.817 | 0.87 | 0.1688 | 0.994 |
3.6. Desorption and Regeneration
3.7. Adsorption Cost Estimation
This Study | Commercially Available | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cost/capacity | Chicken Manure-derived BC | Amine-Modified BC | AC | Zeolite | Charcoal | |
Adsorbent Preparation | Purchase and operation cost (USD/kg) | 0.60 ± 0.20 | - | 21 ± 2.5 | 1.55 ± 0.50 | 0.85 ± 0.15 |
Chemical consumption (USD/kg) | 1 ± 0.1 | 1 ± 0.1 | - | - | - | |
Total manufacturing cost (USD/kg) | 1.30 ± 0.30 | 2.60 ± 0.40 * | 21 ± 2.5 | 1.55 ± 0.50 | 0.85 ± 0.15 | |
Adsorption capacity (g/kg) | - | 1.14 ± 0.12 | 8 ± 0.8 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | |
Adsorption cost (USD/g) | 2.28 ± 0.66 | 2.63 ± 0.63 | 3.10 ± 0.72 | 3.15 ± 0.55 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nguyen, M.-V.; Lee, B.-K. Removal of Dimethyl Sulfide from Aqueous Solution Using Cost-Effective Modified Chicken Manure Biochar Produced from Slow Pyrolysis. Sustainability 2015, 7, 15057-15072. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71115057
Nguyen M-V, Lee B-K. Removal of Dimethyl Sulfide from Aqueous Solution Using Cost-Effective Modified Chicken Manure Biochar Produced from Slow Pyrolysis. Sustainability. 2015; 7(11):15057-15072. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71115057
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Minh-Viet, and Byeong-Kyu Lee. 2015. "Removal of Dimethyl Sulfide from Aqueous Solution Using Cost-Effective Modified Chicken Manure Biochar Produced from Slow Pyrolysis" Sustainability 7, no. 11: 15057-15072. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71115057