Landscape Changes and a Salt Production Sustainable Approach in the State of Salt Pan Area Decreasing on the Coast of Tianjin, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data and Methods for Analysis of the Landscape Area Changes of Salt Pans
2.3. Bases of Proposing Sustainable Processes for Sea Salt Production with the Related Industries
2.3.1. Principles of Circular Economy and Industrial Symbiosis
2.3.2. Seawater Desalination and Environmental Problems Caused by Brine Disposal
3. Result Analyses
3.1. Coastal Landscape Changes and Salt Pan Area Decrease
Land Use/Cover Type | 1979 | 1988 | 1999 | 2008 | 2013 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paddy field | 471.9 | 532.9 | 141.4 | 151.2 | 119.7 |
Dry land | 443.4 | 203.9 | 423.7 | 246.8 | 283.9 |
Wood land | 9.1 | 10.6 | 30.8 | 36 | 64.3 |
Grass land | 86.7 | 124.6 | 82.4 | 56.5 | 87.3 |
Urban land | 95.8 | 120 | 211 | 279.3 | 369.3 |
Village/town | 57.8 | 93.3 | 166 | 326 | 213.0 |
Road | 37.7 | 42.1 | 38.9 | 45.3 | 38.1 |
Harbor | 8.7 | 11 | 19.4 | 68.7 | 140.0 |
Salt pan | 391.8 | 457.8 | 401.1 | 365.3 | 290.5 |
Shrimp farm | 0 | 82.9 | 108.4 | 84.3 | 52.8 |
River/channel | 70.1 | 97 | 89.4 | 82.6 | 71.1 |
Reservoir/lake | 108.2 | 151 | 63.5 | 48.5 | 137.6 |
Pond | 65.5 | 138.2 | 198.8 | 187 | 92.8 |
Reed bed | 169.6 | 114.3 | 161.9 | 184.1 | 132.0 |
Barren land | 211.9 | 13.8 | 17.1 | 48.6 | 79.1 |
Reclamation land | 0 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 64.6 | 126.7 |
Intertidal beach | 1435.9 | 1286.9 | 1088.8 | 497.3 | 281.1 |
3.2. Sustainable Approach for Sea Salt Production Combined with Seawater Desalination and Other Relative Industries according to CE and IS
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, H.; Xu, X.; Zhu, G. Landscape Changes and a Salt Production Sustainable Approach in the State of Salt Pan Area Decreasing on the Coast of Tianjin, China. Sustainability 2015, 7, 10078-10097. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810078
Wang H, Xu X, Zhu G. Landscape Changes and a Salt Production Sustainable Approach in the State of Salt Pan Area Decreasing on the Coast of Tianjin, China. Sustainability. 2015; 7(8):10078-10097. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810078
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Hui, Xuegong Xu, and Gaoru Zhu. 2015. "Landscape Changes and a Salt Production Sustainable Approach in the State of Salt Pan Area Decreasing on the Coast of Tianjin, China" Sustainability 7, no. 8: 10078-10097. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810078