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Sustainability
Volume 8
Issue 5
10.3390/su8050497
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Review

Biotech Approaches to Overcome the Limitations of Using Transgenic Plants in Organic Farming

by
Luca Lombardo
1,* and
Samanta Zelasco
2
1
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Italian National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
2
Olive Growing and Olive Oil Industry Research Centre, Agricultural Research Council, 87036 Rende, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2016, 8(5), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050497
Submission received: 16 March 2016 / Revised: 5 May 2016 / Accepted: 18 May 2016 / Published: 20 May 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Farming and Gene Manipulation)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Organic farming prohibits the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) inasmuch as their genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. In actual fact, there is a conventional identity between GMOs and transgenic organisms, so that genetic modification methods such as somatic hybridization and mutagenesis are equalized to conventional breeding. A loophole in this system is represented by more or less innovative genetic engineering approaches under regulatory discussion, such as cisgenesis, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, and antisense technologies, that are redefining the concept of GMOs and might circumvent the requirements of the GMO legislation and, indirectly, of organic farming.
Keywords: organic farming; cisgenesis; genome editing; GMO regulations organic farming; cisgenesis; genome editing; GMO regulations

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lombardo, L.; Zelasco, S. Biotech Approaches to Overcome the Limitations of Using Transgenic Plants in Organic Farming. Sustainability 2016, 8, 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050497

AMA Style

Lombardo L, Zelasco S. Biotech Approaches to Overcome the Limitations of Using Transgenic Plants in Organic Farming. Sustainability. 2016; 8(5):497. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050497

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lombardo, Luca, and Samanta Zelasco. 2016. "Biotech Approaches to Overcome the Limitations of Using Transgenic Plants in Organic Farming" Sustainability 8, no. 5: 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050497

APA Style

Lombardo, L., & Zelasco, S. (2016). Biotech Approaches to Overcome the Limitations of Using Transgenic Plants in Organic Farming. Sustainability, 8(5), 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050497

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