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Remote Sensing
Volume 13
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10.3390/rs13173434
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Article

An Integrated Remote-Sensing and GIS Approach for Mapping Past Tin Mining Landscapes in Northwest Iberia

by
João Fonte
1,*,
Emmanuelle Meunier
2,3,
José Alberto Gonçalves
4,
Filipa Dias
4,
Alexandre Lima
4,
Luís Gonçalves-Seco
5 and
Elin Figueiredo
2
1
Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
2
CENIMAT/i3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
3
Casa de Velázquez, EHEHI, 28040 Madrid, Spain
4
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
5
CICGE: Research Centre for Geospatial Sciences, Universidade da Maia—ISMAI, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(17), 3434; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173434
Submission received: 23 July 2021 / Revised: 21 August 2021 / Accepted: 25 August 2021 / Published: 29 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing, Archaeology and Heritage Research: Researching the Past from Satellite, Aerial and Terrestial Methods)
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Abstract

Northwest Iberia can be considered as one of the main areas where tin was exploited in antiquity. However, the location of ancient tin mining and metallurgy, their date and the intensity of tin production are still largely uncertain. The scale of mining activity and its socio-economical context have not been truly assessed, nor its evolution over time. With the present study, we intend to present an integrated, multiscale, multisensor and interdisciplinary methodology to tackle this problem. The integration of airborne LiDAR and historic aerial imagery has enabled us to identify and map ancient tin mining remains on the Tinto valley (Viana do Castelo, northern Portugal). The combination with historic mining documentation and literature review allowed us to confirm the impact of modern mining and define the best-preserved ancient mining areas for further archaeological research. After data processing and mapping, subsequent ground-truthing involved field survey and geological sampling that confirmed cassiterite exploitation as the key feature of the mining works. This non-invasive approach is of importance for informing future research and management of these landscapes.
Keywords: airborne LiDAR; aerial imagery; archival documentation; mining archaeology; northwest Iberia; tin airborne LiDAR; aerial imagery; archival documentation; mining archaeology; northwest Iberia; tin

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fonte, J.; Meunier, E.; Gonçalves, J.A.; Dias, F.; Lima, A.; Gonçalves-Seco, L.; Figueiredo, E. An Integrated Remote-Sensing and GIS Approach for Mapping Past Tin Mining Landscapes in Northwest Iberia. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 3434. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173434

AMA Style

Fonte J, Meunier E, Gonçalves JA, Dias F, Lima A, Gonçalves-Seco L, Figueiredo E. An Integrated Remote-Sensing and GIS Approach for Mapping Past Tin Mining Landscapes in Northwest Iberia. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(17):3434. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173434

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fonte, João, Emmanuelle Meunier, José Alberto Gonçalves, Filipa Dias, Alexandre Lima, Luís Gonçalves-Seco, and Elin Figueiredo. 2021. "An Integrated Remote-Sensing and GIS Approach for Mapping Past Tin Mining Landscapes in Northwest Iberia" Remote Sensing 13, no. 17: 3434. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173434

APA Style

Fonte, J., Meunier, E., Gonçalves, J. A., Dias, F., Lima, A., Gonçalves-Seco, L., & Figueiredo, E. (2021). An Integrated Remote-Sensing and GIS Approach for Mapping Past Tin Mining Landscapes in Northwest Iberia. Remote Sensing, 13(17), 3434. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173434

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