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Remote Sensing
Volume 13
Issue 22
10.3390/rs13224648
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Article

Shrinking of Ischia Island (Italy) from Long-Term Geodetic Data: Implications for the Deflation Mechanisms of Resurgent Calderas and Their Relationships with Seismicity

by
Alessandro Galvani
1,*,
Giuseppe Pezzo
1,
Vincenzo Sepe
1 and
Guido Ventura
1,2
1
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy
2
Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in Ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Capo Granitola (TP), 91021 Campobello di Mazara, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(22), 4648; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224648
Submission received: 28 October 2021 / Revised: 9 November 2021 / Accepted: 15 November 2021 / Published: 18 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ground Deformation Patterns Detection by InSAR and GNSS Techniques)
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Abstract

The identification of the mechanisms responsible for the deformation of calderas is of primary importance for our understanding of the dynamics of magmatic systems and the evaluation of volcanic hazards. We analyze twenty years (1997–2018) of geodetic measurements on Ischia Island (Italy), which include the Mt. Epomeo resurgent block, and is affected by hydrothermal manifestations and shallow seismicity. The data from the GPS Network and the leveling route show a constant subsidence with values up to −15 ± 2.0 mm/yr and a centripetal displacement rate with the largest deformations on the southern flank of Mt. Epomeo. The joint inversion of GPS and levelling data is consistent with a 4 km deep source deflating by degassing and magma cooling below the southern flank of Mt. Epomeo. The depth of the source is supported by independent geophysical data. The Ischia deformation field is not related to the instability of the resurgent block or extensive gravity or tectonic processes. The seismicity reflects the dynamics of the shallow hydrothermal system being neither temporally nor spatially related to the deflation.
Keywords: GNSS; velocity field; resurgent caldera; subsidence; earthquakes; degassing processes; modelling GNSS; velocity field; resurgent caldera; subsidence; earthquakes; degassing processes; modelling
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MDPI and ACS Style

Galvani, A.; Pezzo, G.; Sepe, V.; Ventura, G. Shrinking of Ischia Island (Italy) from Long-Term Geodetic Data: Implications for the Deflation Mechanisms of Resurgent Calderas and Their Relationships with Seismicity. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4648. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224648

AMA Style

Galvani A, Pezzo G, Sepe V, Ventura G. Shrinking of Ischia Island (Italy) from Long-Term Geodetic Data: Implications for the Deflation Mechanisms of Resurgent Calderas and Their Relationships with Seismicity. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(22):4648. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224648

Chicago/Turabian Style

Galvani, Alessandro, Giuseppe Pezzo, Vincenzo Sepe, and Guido Ventura. 2021. "Shrinking of Ischia Island (Italy) from Long-Term Geodetic Data: Implications for the Deflation Mechanisms of Resurgent Calderas and Their Relationships with Seismicity" Remote Sensing 13, no. 22: 4648. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224648

APA Style

Galvani, A., Pezzo, G., Sepe, V., & Ventura, G. (2021). Shrinking of Ischia Island (Italy) from Long-Term Geodetic Data: Implications for the Deflation Mechanisms of Resurgent Calderas and Their Relationships with Seismicity. Remote Sensing, 13(22), 4648. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224648

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