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Volume 14
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10.3390/rs14092047
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Article

Assessment of Different Complementary-Relationship-Based Models for Estimating Actual Terrestrial Evapotranspiration in the Frozen Ground Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

by
Chengpeng Shang
1,2,
Tonghua Wu
1,3,*,
Ning Ma
4,
Jiemin Wang
1,
Xiangfei Li
1,
Xiaofan Zhu
1,
Tianye Wang
5,
Guojie Hu
1,
Ren Li
1,
Sizhong Yang
1,
Jie Chen
1,
Jimin Yao
1 and
Cheng Yang
1,6
1
Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
4
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
5
School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
6
School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(9), 2047; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092047
Submission received: 10 March 2022 / Revised: 14 April 2022 / Accepted: 21 April 2022 / Published: 25 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land-Atmosphere Interactions and Effects on the Climate of the Tibetan Plateau and Surrounding Regions)
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Abstract

Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is important since it is an important link to water, energy, and carbon cycles. Approximately 96% of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is underlain by frozen ground, however, the ground observations of ETa are particularly sparse–which is especially true in the permafrost regions–leading to great challenge for the accurate estimation of ETa. Due to the impacts of freeze-thaw cycles and permafrost degradation on the regional ET process, it is therefore urgent and important to find a reasonable approach for ETa estimation in the regions. The complementary relationship (CR) approach is a potential method since it needs only routine meteorological variables to estimate ETa. The CR approach, including the modified advection-aridity model by Kahler (K2006), polynomial generalized complementary function by Brutsaert (B2015) and its improved versions by Szilagyi (S2017) and Crago (C2018), and sigmoid generalized complementary function by Han (H2018) in the present study, were assessed against in situ measured ETa at four observation sites in the frozen ground regions. The results indicate that five CR-based models are generally capable of simulating variations in ETa, whether default and calibrated parameter values are employed during the warm season compared with those of the cold season. On a daily basis, the C2018 model performed better than other CR-based models, as indicated by the highest Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) values at each site. On a monthly basis, no model uniformly performed best in a specific month. On an annual basis, CR-based models estimating ETa with biases ranging from −94.2 to 28.3 mm year−1, and the H2018 model overall performed best with the smallest bias within 15 mm year−1. Parameter sensitivity analysis demonstrated the relatively small influence of each parameter varying within regular fluctuation magnitude on the accuracy of the corresponding model.
Keywords: actual evapotranspiration; complementary relationship; permafrost; seasonally frozen ground; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau actual evapotranspiration; complementary relationship; permafrost; seasonally frozen ground; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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MDPI and ACS Style

Shang, C.; Wu, T.; Ma, N.; Wang, J.; Li, X.; Zhu, X.; Wang, T.; Hu, G.; Li, R.; Yang, S.; et al. Assessment of Different Complementary-Relationship-Based Models for Estimating Actual Terrestrial Evapotranspiration in the Frozen Ground Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092047

AMA Style

Shang C, Wu T, Ma N, Wang J, Li X, Zhu X, Wang T, Hu G, Li R, Yang S, et al. Assessment of Different Complementary-Relationship-Based Models for Estimating Actual Terrestrial Evapotranspiration in the Frozen Ground Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(9):2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092047

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shang, Chengpeng, Tonghua Wu, Ning Ma, Jiemin Wang, Xiangfei Li, Xiaofan Zhu, Tianye Wang, Guojie Hu, Ren Li, Sizhong Yang, and et al. 2022. "Assessment of Different Complementary-Relationship-Based Models for Estimating Actual Terrestrial Evapotranspiration in the Frozen Ground Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau" Remote Sensing 14, no. 9: 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092047

APA Style

Shang, C., Wu, T., Ma, N., Wang, J., Li, X., Zhu, X., Wang, T., Hu, G., Li, R., Yang, S., Chen, J., Yao, J., & Yang, C. (2022). Assessment of Different Complementary-Relationship-Based Models for Estimating Actual Terrestrial Evapotranspiration in the Frozen Ground Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Remote Sensing, 14(9), 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092047

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