Passive Joint Emitter Localization with Sensor Self-Calibration

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

This paper investigated the problem that distributed passive arrays (sensors) locate multiple emitters and at the same time perform self-calibration to correct possible errors in the assumed array directions. The key method is to decide if the received signals from the same emitter are consistent, in order to decide if the sensor arrays are successfully calibrated. Then the authors build the signal model and the atomic norm minimization and group sparsity is adopted. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The mathematical derivation in this paper is sufficient, and the conclusion is useful for the passive joint emitter localization.

1. The authors should explain the typical application for the investigation.

2. Why group sparsity assumption can be used in the model? I think more deep explanation are needed.

3. It is suggested that the author analyze the difference between atomic norm minimization and some low-rank norms minimization in the existing work to make the proposed algorithm more convincing, such as [1] [2].

[1] Liu T, Yang J, Li B, et al. Nonconvex Tensor Low-Rank Approximation for Infrared Small Target Detection. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2021, 60: 1-18.
[2] Wang G, Tao B, Kong X, et al. Infrared Small Target Detection Using Nonoverlapping Patch Spatial–Temporal Tensor Factorization With Capped Nuclear Norm Regularization. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2021, 60: 1-17.

Author Response

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Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

 

In this manuscript, the authors study distributed passive arrays self-calibration to correct possible deployment errors in the assumed array directions. Some hypotheses are made, such as the fact if sensor arrays are successfully calibrated, their information should be geometrically consistent. The discrete localization problem is solved through extended group ANM with embedded sensor self-calibration.

The demonstration is supported by simulations. The work is very interesting, and the problem is deeply and precisely detailed and the overall research is well conducted. I suggest some improvements to better clarify the contribution of this paper.

-         - ll.76-78: Is the presence of a continuous instead of discrete grid also contributing to a higher computational complexity of the approach? I suggest better clarifying the tradeoff between discretization level and computational complexity and convergence time of the algorithm.   

-        -  p.5 l. 1: Here the authors state the snapshots should be taken “at the same time”. Some lines after, they state time synchronization is not needed. Please clarify how those two hypotheses can be related to avoid confusion.

-        -  The authors simulate the contribution of the SNR level to the overall algorithm performance. I suggest also including other effects, such as multipath, that affect every wireless system. What is the contribution of multipath (hence, coherent signal reception) on the convergence time and results reliability of the proposed approach? Does this phenomenon impact the overall results you achieved?

-         - ll. 37-39: You assume each sensor has been already unbiased from effects such as mutual coupling, gain and phase errors. I suggest putting a reference to a work like [R1] that highlights the impact of the artifacts you mentioned and the effect of their compensation on AoA estimation errors.

-        -  Misc: The paper needs an overall revision of the language. In particular, please avoid passive forms (in English we prefer to use direct forms). Also, pay attention because some phrases are miswritten (e.g., l. 231).

[R1]: Florio, A.; Avitabile, G.; Coviello, G. A Linear Technique for Artifacts Correction and Compensation in Phase Interferometric Angle of Arrival Estimation. Sensors 2022, 22, 1427.

 

[R2]: Hoi Shun Lui, Hon Tat Hui, "Mutual Coupling Compensation for Direction-of-Arrival Estimations Using the Receiving-Mutual-Impedance Method", International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/373061

Author Response

Please see the attachment.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf