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Remote Sensing
Volume 16
Issue 12
10.3390/rs16122095
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Technical Note

Experimental Co-Polarimetric GPR Survey on Artificial Vertical Concrete Cracks by the Improved Time-Varying Centroid Frequency Scheme

by
Xuebing Zhang
1,2,
Junxuan Pei
1,
Xianda Sha
1,
Xuan Feng
2,*,
Xin Hu
1,3,
Changle Chen
2 and
Zhengchun Song
1
1
School of Geomatics and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
2
College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
3
Jiangxi Transportation Engineering Group Ltd., Nanchang 330038, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(12), 2095; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122095
Submission received: 22 April 2024 / Revised: 5 June 2024 / Accepted: 7 June 2024 / Published: 10 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Assessment by Advanced Remote Sensing Techniques and Methods)
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Abstract

The experimental setup is devised to simulate the presence of vertical cracks with varying widths within concrete structures. Co-polarimetric ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys are carried out to acquire the “VV” and “HH” polarization data. The time-varying centroid frequency attribute is employed to describe the vertical variation in the center frequency of the radar wave, unveiling a gradual vertical decay in the centroid frequency at the locations of vertical cracks. An improved time-varying centroid frequency attribute based on the adaptive sparse S-transform (ASST) is proposed and tested by a finite-difference time-domain model and co-polarimetric GPR data, which can offer better resolution compared to that of the conventional S-transform. By analyzing the waveform and centroid frequency properties of the two polarizations, we conclude that the “VV” polarization is relatively sensitive to centimeter scale cracks, while the “HH” polarization is more sensitive to millimeter scale cracks.
Keywords: ground-penetrating radar (GPR); co-polarimetric; improved time-varying centroid frequency; void analysis; adaptive sparse S-transform (ASST) ground-penetrating radar (GPR); co-polarimetric; improved time-varying centroid frequency; void analysis; adaptive sparse S-transform (ASST)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, X.; Pei, J.; Sha, X.; Feng, X.; Hu, X.; Chen, C.; Song, Z. Experimental Co-Polarimetric GPR Survey on Artificial Vertical Concrete Cracks by the Improved Time-Varying Centroid Frequency Scheme. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122095

AMA Style

Zhang X, Pei J, Sha X, Feng X, Hu X, Chen C, Song Z. Experimental Co-Polarimetric GPR Survey on Artificial Vertical Concrete Cracks by the Improved Time-Varying Centroid Frequency Scheme. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(12):2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122095

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Xuebing, Junxuan Pei, Xianda Sha, Xuan Feng, Xin Hu, Changle Chen, and Zhengchun Song. 2024. "Experimental Co-Polarimetric GPR Survey on Artificial Vertical Concrete Cracks by the Improved Time-Varying Centroid Frequency Scheme" Remote Sensing 16, no. 12: 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122095

APA Style

Zhang, X., Pei, J., Sha, X., Feng, X., Hu, X., Chen, C., & Song, Z. (2024). Experimental Co-Polarimetric GPR Survey on Artificial Vertical Concrete Cracks by the Improved Time-Varying Centroid Frequency Scheme. Remote Sensing, 16(12), 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122095

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